Concept: High energy littoral rock in the eunishabitats vocabulary

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Concept URI	http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/eunishabitats/A1.1
Preferred label	High energy littoral rock
Definition	Extremely exposed to moderately exposed or tide-swept bedrock and boulder shores. Extremely exposed shores dominated by mussels and barnacles, occasionally with robust fucoids or turfs of red seaweed. Tide-swept shores support communities of fucoids, sponges and ascidians on the mid to lower shore. Three biological subtypes have been described: Communities on very exposed to moderately exposed upper and mid eulittoral bedrock and boulders dominated by the mussel [Mytilus edulis], barnacles [Chthamalus] spp. and/or [Semibalanus balanoides] and the limpets [Patella] spp. (A1.11); red and brown seaweeds able to tolerate the extreme conditions of exposed rocky shores, primarily the physical stresses caused by wave action (A1.12), and tide-swept shores in more sheltered areas (such as narrow channels in sea loch) with canopy forming fucoids and a rich filter-feeding community (A1.15).
Notation	A1.1
Status	Valid
Status Modified	31.01.2014
Accepted Date	31.01.2014
Not Accepted Date
Editorial note	No changes proposed at level 3 (Southampton workshop)
Has broader	A1 (Littoral rock and other hard substrata) in biodiversity/eunishabitats
Has narrower	A1.11 (Mussel and/or barnacle communities) in biodiversity/eunishabitats A1.12 (Robust fucoid and/or red seaweed communities) in biodiversity/eunishabitats A1.13 (Mediterranean and Black Sea communities of upper mediolittoral rock) in biodiversity/eunishabitats A1.14 (Mediterranean and Black Sea communities of lower mediolittoral rock very exposed to wave action) in biodiversity/eunishabitats A1.15 (Fucoids in tide-swept conditions) in biodiversity/eunishabitats A1.16 (Pontic communities of exposed mediolittoral rock) in biodiversity/eunishabitats
Has exact match	http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/431