Data Dictionary - Edit vocabulary

Element	Type	Status
skos:broader	Quantitative	Released Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 ^{30 Sep 2013}
skos:editorialNote	Quantitative	Released Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 ^{24 Sep 2013}
skos:exactMatch	Quantitative	Released Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 ^{30 Sep 2013}
skos:narrower	Quantitative	Released Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 ^{17 Sep 2015}

Data element

Id	Label	Status	Status Modified	Notation
A6.52	Communities of abyssal muds	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.52
A6.6	Deep-sea bioherms	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.6
A6.61	Communities of deep-sea corals	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.61
A6.611	Deep-sea [Lophelia pertusa] reefs	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.611
A6.62	Deep-sea sponge aggregations	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.62
A6.621	Facies with [Pheronema grayi]	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.621
A6.7	Raised features of the deep-sea bed	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.7
A6.71	Permanently submerged flanks of oceanic islands	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.71
A6.72	Seamounts, knolls and banks	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.72
A6.721	Summit communities of seamount, knoll or bank within euphotic zone	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.721
A6.722	Summit communities of seamount, knoll or bank within the mesopelagic zone, i.e. interacting with diurnally migrating plankton	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.722
A6.723	Deep summit communities of seamount, knoll or bank (i.e. below mesopelagic zone)	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.723
A6.724	Flanks of seamount, knoll or bank	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.724
A6.725	Base of seamount, knoll or bank	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.725
A6.7251	Moat around base of seamount, knoll or bank	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.7251
A6.73	Oceanic ridges	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.73
A6.731	Communities of ridge flanks	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.731
A6.732	Communities of ridge axial trough (i.e. non-vent fauna)	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.732
A6.733	Oceanic ridge without hydrothermal effects	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.733
A6.74	Abyssal hills	Valid	2014-01-31	A6.74

Identifier
Label
Definition		A bioherm is a mound, dome, or reef-like mass of rock that is composed almost exclusively of the remains of sedentary marine organisms and is embedded in rock of different physical character. This habitat type includes deep-sea coral reefs (A6.61) and sponge beds (A6.62).
Notation		A6.6

Identifier
Label
Definition		The only community described is [Lophelia pertusa], a cold water, reef-forming coral, which has a wide geographic distribution ranging from 55°S to 70°N, where water temperatures typically remain between 4-8°C. These reefs are generally subject to moderate current velocities (0.5 knots). The majority of records occur in the north-east Atlantic. The extent of [L. pertusa] reefs varies, with examples off Norway several km long and more than 20 m high. These reefs occur within a depth range of 200 - >2000 m on the continental slope, and in shallower waters in Norwegian fjords and Swedish west coast. In Norwegian waters, [L. pertusa] reefs occur on the shelf and shelf break off the western and northern parts on local elevations of the sea floor and on the edges of escarpments. The biological diversity of the reef community is approximately three times as high as the surrounding soft sediment (ICES, 2003), suggesting that these cold-water coral reefs may be biodiversity hotspots. Characteristic species include other hard corals, such as [Madrepora oculata] and [Solenosmilia variabilis], the redfish [Sebastes viviparous] and the squat lobster [Munida sarsi]. [L. pertusa] reefs occur on hard substrata; this may be [Lophelia] rubble from an old colony or on glacial deposits. For this reason, [L. pertusa] reefs can be associated with iceberg plough-mark zones.
Notation		A6.61

Identifier
Label
Definition		Lophelia pertusa, a cold water, reef-forming coral, has a wide geographic distribution ranging from 55°S to 70°N, where water temperatures typically remain between 4-8°C. These reefs are generally subject to moderate current velocities (0.5 knots). The majority of records occur in the north-east Atlantic. The extent of L. pertusa reefs vary, with examples off Norway several km long and more than 20m high. These reefs occur within a depth range of 200->2000m on the continental slope, and in shallower waters in Norwegian fjords and Swedish west coast. In Norwegian waters, L. pertusa reefs occur on the shelf and shelf break off the western and northern parts on local elevations of the sea floor and on the edges of escarpments. The biological diversity of the reef community is approximately three times as high as the surrounding soft sediment (ICES, 2003), suggesting that these cold-water coral reefs may be biodiversity hotspots. Characteristic species include other hard corals, such as Madrepora oculata and Solenosmilia variabilis, the redfish Sebastes viviparous and the squat lobster Munida sarsi. L. pertusa reefs occur on hard substrata; this may be Lophelia rubble from an old colony or on glacial deposits. For this reason, L. pertusa reefs can be associated with iceberg plough-mark zones.
Notation		A6.611

Identifier
Label
Definition		Deep sea sponge aggregations are principally composed of sponges from two classes: [Hexactinellida] and [Desmospongia]. They are known to occur between water depths of 250 m to 1300 m (Bett & Rice, 1992), where the water temperature ranges from 4-10°C and there is moderate current velocity (0.5 knots). Deep sea sponge aggregations may be found on soft substrata or hard substrata, such as boulders and cobbles which may lie on sediment. Iceberg plough-mark zones provide an ideal habitat for sponges because stable boulders and cobbles, exposed on the seabed, provide numerous attachment/settlement points (B. Bett, pers comm.). However, with 3.5 kg of pure siliceous spicule material per m2 reported from some sites (Gubbay, 2002), the occurrence of sponge fields can alter the characteristics of surrounding muddy sediments. Densities of occurrence are hard to quantify, but sponges in the class [Hexactinellida] have been reported at densities of 4-5 per m2, whilst ‘massive’ growth forms of sponges from the class [Desmospongia] have been reported at densities of 0.5 to 1 per m2 (B. Bett, pers comm.). Deep sea sponges have similar habitat preferences to cold-water corals, and hence are often found at the same location. Research has shown that the dense mats of spicules present around sponge fields may inhibit colonisation by infaunal animals, resulting in a dominance of epifaunal elements (Gubbay, 2002). Sponge fields also support ophiuroids, which use the sponges as elevated perches.
Notation		A6.62

Identifier
Label
Definition		Habitats on the deep-sea bed with significant elevation (typically >200m) in relation to their surroundings. Includes permanently submerged flanks of oceanic islands (A6.71), seamounts, knolls and banks (A6.72), oceanic ridges (A6.73), abyssal hills (A6.74) and carbonate mounds (A6.75).
Notation		A6.7

Identifier
Label
Definition		Seamounts are defined as undersea mountains, with a crest that rises more than 1,000 m above the surrounding sea floor (Menard, 1964 in Rogers, 1994). Seamounts can be a variety of shapes, but are generally conical with a circular, elliptical or more elongate base. Seamounts are volcanic in origin, and are often associated with seafloor ‘hot-spots’; thinner areas of the earth’s crust where magma can escape. Seamounts, often with a slope inclination of up to 60°, provide a striking contrast to the surrounding ‘flat’ abyssal plain. Their relief has profound effects on the surrounding oceanic circulation, with the formation of trapped waves, jets, eddies and closed circulations known as Taylor columns (Taylor, 1917 in Rogers, 1994). Seamounts occur frequently within the OSPAR Maritime Area. Analysis of narrow beam bathymetric data by the US Naval Oceanographic office from 1967-1989 identified more than 810 seamounts within the North Atlantic. The majority occur along the Mid-Atlantic ridge between Iceland and the Hayes fracture zone (Gubbay, 2002). The enhanced currents that occur around seamounts provide ideal conditions for suspension feeders. Gorgonian, scleratinian and antipatharian corals may be particularly abundant, and other suspension feeders such as sponges, hydroids and ascidians are also present. Concentrations of commercially important fish species, such as [Hoplostethus atlanticus] (orange roughy), aggregate around seamounts and live in close association with the benthic communities (Gubbay, 2002).
Notation		A6.72

Identifier
Label
Definition		Benthic communities occupying raised features of the deep sea-floor; they include assemblages colonizing active or nonactive constructive midocean ridges, as well as those developed on asismic ridges, but with the exception of hydrothermal communities.
Notation		A6.733

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Definition		Classification of habitat types according to the EUNIS Biodiversity database This is the dataset referenced from INSPIRE: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/EunisHabitatTypeCodeValue/
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Columns	Notation Status Status Modified Accepted Date Not Accepted Date skos:broader skos:editorialNote skos:exactMatch skos:narrower
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