Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
Preventing the conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species targeted by the nature directives, into agricultural land for production (arable or pasture) or into more intensively farmed land. Includes, for example, the conversion of grasslands or wetlands into arable land.
Restore small landscape features on agricultural land
The restoration of small landscape features present on agricultural land that are important to wild fauna and flora for migration, dispersal, genetic exchange or as breeding/feeding habitats. Such features can be hedges, stone walls, ponds, small woods, ecotone zones, edges around fields, ditches, natural pathways.
Maintain existing extensive agricultural practices and agricultural landscape features
Maintaining extensive agricultural management practices such as extensive grazing/mowing or traditional burning, and protecting small landscape features or elements (e.g. ecotone zones, hedges, stone walls, ponds small woods, edges around fields, ditches, ground paths). This also includes 'wildlife-friendly' management of hedges.
Reinstate appropriate agricultural practices to address abandonment, including mowing, grazing, burning or equivalent measures
Reinstating agricultural practices to stop or slow down natural succession caused by the abandonment of agricultural land and/or insufficient land use. These practices can be of an agricultural nature, such as the re-introduction of grazing, or a substitute of those (e.g. use machinery to keep open habitats). This can also include conservation grazing (i.e. ecological management using agricultural practices such as grazing by domestic animals � goats, sheep, cattle, horses � without a farming purpose).
Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
Adapting the frequency, methods used and/or the timing of mowing/cutting of grasslands or of grazing by livestock in order to maintain/restore habitats or to avoid damage to species (e.g. nesting birds). This also includes the adaption and management of other equivalent activities (e.g. burning). Includes, for example, converting from intensively managed grassland to more extensive or reducing trampling by livestock.
Stop mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
Stopping (or avoiding) the mowing or cutting of grasslands or grazing by livestock in order to restore habitats or to avoid damage to species (e.g. nesting birds); stopping (or avoiding) other equivalent activities.
Land previously used for either agriculture (e.g. arable land), forestry (e.g. popular plantation) or another use being (re)created/restored as an Annex I agricultural habitat type. Includes, for example, the recreation of an Annex I grassland from a forest plantation. This is a process that could take a long time to fully restore the habitats structure and functions.
Adapt soil management practices in agriculture
Adaptating soil management practices (including tillage) to minimize or prevent loss of soil and its biodiversity.
Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural (plant and animal) production
Managing (reducing or eliminating) the use of: - fertilisers (e.g. mineral, manure, sludge) - pesticides, fungicides, seed coatings, herbicides, growth retardants, hormones and other chemicals used in plant production - rodenticides and other pest control products -wormers and other veterinary products used in animal production (e.g. diclofenac and/or other similar veterinary products). Alos includes developing and maintaining the conservation headlands or field margins.
Reduce/eliminate point pollution to surface or ground waters from agricultural activities
Reducing or eliminating point source pollution from agricultural activities to surface and ground waters (e.g. due to large scale animal breeding or storage of farmyard waste and/or checmical products).
Reduce diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from agricultural activities
Reducing diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters due to agricultural activities. This can also include developing and maintaining riparian buffer strips along water courses as a (spatially restricted) way of reducing 'diffuse' pollution to surface waters.
Reduce/eliminate air pollution from agricultural activities
Reducing or eliminating air pollution due to agricultural activities.
Reduce/eliminate marine pollution from agricultural activities
Reducing or eliminating marine pollution due to agricultural activities.
Reduce/eliminate soil pollution from agricultural activities
Reducing or eliminating soil pollution due to agricultural activities.
Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
Managing drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures (such as surface and groundwater abstraction, construction and operation of dams or altering of hydrological flow of rivers) as well as managing or restoring the hydrological regime of drained agricultural areas (e.g. restoration of hydrological regimes of drained peatlands, hydrologically altered wetlands and freshwater habitats in agricultural areas). The management of drainage and irrigation can include the possible cessation of these activities. This measure also includes restoring other freshwater habitats or wetlands impacted by changes of hydrological functioning through activities such as building dams or surface water abstraction for agriculture.
Other measures related to agricultural practices
Other measures related to agricultural practices or agriculture-related habitats not covered by the other CA measures e.g. adapting the methods and/or timing of harvesting to avoid disturbance of nesting birds.
Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
Preventing the conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, as well as habitats of species targeted by the nature directives, into forest (e.g. afforestation), preventing the conversion of natural and semi-natural forests into intensive forest plantations or monocultures.
Maintain existing traditional forest management and exploitation practices
Maintaining existing (traditional or extensive) forest management and exploitation practices to preserve habitats or habitats for species or to avoid species disturbance. This includes maintaining traditional or extensive management, for example, to secure or develop old tree stocks, the old-growth and natural decay stages of forests (that are clearly beyond regular harvesting age), coppices, pollarding or secondary forest habitats (such as oak-hornbeam forest on potential beech habitats); this also includes maintaining the measures to favour the opening of closed woodlands, to preserve or restore habitat continuity, to manage species composition, or to retain habitat tree groups. Includes also keeping aside wilderness areas. .
Reinstate forest management and exploitation practices
Reinstating (traditional or extensive) forest management and exploitation practices to preserve or to restore habitats or habitats for species targeted by the nature directives impacted by abandonment of traditional forestry use.
Adapt/manage reforestation and forest regeneration
Adaptating or managing reforestation to restore habitats and habitats of species including for example the conversion of clear-fell plantations to long-term native woodland or the adaptation of reforestation techniques such as using natural regeneration or fire.
Adapt/change forest management and exploitation practices
Adapting or changing forest management and exploitation practices to preserve or to restore habitats/habitats of species targeted by the nature directives or to avoid species disturbance. This can involve adapting and changing management practices in order to secure or develop old stocks of trees, to maintain coppices, to retain dead and dying trees and stumps, to favour opening of closed woodlands, to preserve or restore habitat continuity, to manage species composition, to prevent forest wildfires; but also adapting the time and duration of forestry activities to avoid disturbance of species. However this excludes the management of drainage and irrigation, which are included under CB14.
Stop forest management and exploitation practices
Stopping (or avoiding) forest management and exploitation practices to preserve or to restore habitats or habitats for species targeted by the nature directives, or to avoid species disturbance. Includes the application of non-intervention management.
Taking measures to stop and prevent illegal logging and pressures from this illegal activity.
Land previously used for agriculture (e.g. arable land), for industrial forestry plantations (e.g. poplar or eucalyptus plantations), or other land cover being restored or (re)created as an Annex I forest habitat type. This could be, for example, recreating an Annex I alluvial forest from farmland. It could take decades to fully restore the habitats structure and functions and it can includes active restoration (seed sowing or planting new vegetation) or passive allowing natural succession.
Manage the use of chemicals for fertilisation, liming and pest control in forestry
Managing(reducing or eliminating) of the use of: -pesticides, herbicides and pest control products - fertilisers (mineral, manure, sludge) - liming.
Reduce diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from forestry activities
Reducing diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters due to forestry activities.
Reduce air pollution from forestry activities
Reducing air pollution due to forestry activities.
Reduce marine pollution from forestry activities
Reducing marine pollution due to forestry activities.
Reduce soil pollution from forestry activities
Reducing soil pollution due to forestry activities.
Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures
Managing drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructure (including surface and groundwater abstraction, construction and operation of dams and altering of hydrological flow of rivers) as well as managing or restoring the hydrological regime of drained forest areas. The management of drainage and irrigation can include the possible cessation of these activities. This measure also includes restoring freshwater habitats impacted by changes of hydrological functioning due to drainage for forestry.
Other measures related to forestry practices
Other measures related to forestry practices or forest habitats not covered by the other CB measures.
Adapt/manage extraction of non-energy resources
Adapting and managing (including stopping and avoiding) the extraction of minerals and non-energy resources (e.g. sand, gravel, loam, clay and peat extraction for plant compost or other horticultural purposes) as well as adapting and managing the extaction of salt. Alos includes reducing the impact from geotechnical surveying and other preparatory work for extraction.
Adapt/manage exploitation of energy resources
Adapting and managing (including stopping and avoiding) the exploitation of energy resources (coal mining, incl. open-cast mining, peat extraction, oil and gas exploration and drilling). Alos includes reducing the impact from geotechnical surveying and other preparatory works for extraction.
Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
Adapting and managing (including stopping and avoiding) installation and operation of renewable energy infrastructure (excluding hydropower). This also includes measures to mitigate impact of wind farms such as avoiding building turbines at sensitive sites (e.g. migration bottlenecks), turning off turbines under certain conditions and/or particularly problematic times of year (e.g. peak migration).
Reduce impact of hydropower operation and infrastructure
Reducing/minimizing the impact of hydropower infrastructures (such as dams, weirs, reservoirs) and their operation (e.g. hydropeaking) on freshwater habitats and species. This can include building and managing fish passages or regulating water flows. Alos includes restoring freshwater habitats impacted by changes of hydrological functioning like building dams for energy production.
Adapt/manage fossil energy installation, facilities and operation
Adapting and managing the installation of and operation of fossil energy infrastructure excluding oil and gas pipelines(CC06).
Reduce impact of service corridors and networks
Reducing the impact of service corridors and networks (electricity, telecommunications, oil and gas pipelines) on habitats and species targeted by the nature directives. This includes for example modifying power lines to prevent bird electrocution or developing green/blue infrastructure to improve connectivity.
Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure
Land previously used or prepared for mineral extraction (e.g. gravel extraction, quarry), energy resources extraction (e.g. coal or peat) or damaged due to depositing of extraction material or due to construction and operation of renewable energy infrastructure being restored as Annex I habitat type and/or habitat of a species targeted by the nature directives. This includes both active or passive restoration allowing for natural succession. Exlcudes restoration of agricultural and forest habitats which should be reported under CA07 or CB08 respectively and restoration of habitats damaged due to construction and operation of hydropower infrastructure, which should be reported under CC04.
Manage/reduce/eliminate point pollution to surface or ground waters from resource exploitation and energy production
Managing, reducing or eliminating point source pollution to surface or ground waters caused by the extraction and exploitation of minerals and energy resources (e.g. from mine waters), and energy production.
Manage/reduce/eliminate diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from resource exploitation and energy production
Managing, reducing or eliminating diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters caused by the extraction and exploitation of minerals and energy resources (e.g. due to mining activities), and energy production .
Manage/reduce/eliminate air pollution from resource exploitation and energy production
Managing, reducing or eliminating air pollution related to resource exploitation and energy production such as the combustion of fossil or bioenergy fuels.
Manage/reduce/eliminate marine pollution from resource exploitation and energy production
Managing, reducing or eliminating marine pollution related to resource exploitation and energy production.
Reduce/eliminate noise, light, thermal and other forms of pollution related to resource exploitation and energy production
Reducing or eliminating noise and light pollution, electromagnetic pollution, thermal heating of water bodies or localised heating of the sea related to resource exploitation and energy production. Includes also the reduction/elimination of noise pollution from sonar and geological surveys at sea.
Manage water abstraction for resource extraction and energy production
Managing surface and ground water abstraction for extraction/exploitation of resources and energy production (excluding management of drainage and water abstraction activities related to extraction and exploitation (e.g. peat drainage - CC02 or abstraction of mine waters - CC01).
Other measures related to extraction and energy exploitation activities
Other measures related to the extraction and energy exploitation activities.
Reduce impact of transport operation and infrastructure
Reducing the impact of transport infrastructures (roads, railroads, bridges, viaducts, tunnels, shipping lanes and canals, locks, ports, airfields) and transport operations on habitats and species targeted by the nature directives. This include,s for example, building and managing passages for animals, developing green/blue infrastructure, managing marine and fluvial traffic and infrastructure to, for example, reduce erosion of banks and deterring (e.g. by letting grass grow long or employing active 'scaring' tactics) birds from using airfield/airports. Also includes any measures to reduce noise and light pollution. Regulating traffic or construction of traffic infrastructure in order to reduce chemical/particulate pollution should be reported under code CE03.
Manage/reduce/eliminate pollution to surface or ground water from transport
Managing, reducing or eliminating point or diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters due to land, water, and air-based transport (e.g. cars, boats, airplanes).
Manage/reduce/eliminate air pollution from transport
Managing, reducing or eliminating air pollution due to land, water or air-based transport (e.g. cars, boats, airplanes).
Manage/reduce/eliminate marine pollution from transport
Managing, reducing or eliminating marine pollution due to transport activities and infrastructure.
Manage/reduce/eliminate noise, light and other forms of pollution from transport
Managing, reducing or eliminating noise, light and other forms of pollution related to land, waterand air-based transport (e.g. cars, boats, airplanes).
Habitat restoration of areas impacted by transport
Restore habitats damaged by transport e.g. restoring freshwater habitats impacted by changes in hydrological functioning like canalisation, or coastal habitats destroyed as a result of the dredging of ship lanes.
Manage conversion of land for construction and development of infrastructure
Managing (i.e. preventing, minimizing effects of) conversion of land to the construction and development of residential, commercial, industrial and recreational areas and infrastructures.
Habitat restoration of areas impacted by residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructure, operations and activities
Restoring habitats in areas negatively impacted by residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructure, including the operation of these infrastructures. Includes, for example, the restoration of dune habitats impacted by the protection of urban and recreational zones. This excludes the restoration of agricultural and forest habitats which should be reported under CA07 or CB08 respectively.
Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
Reducing the impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities (e.g. camping, skiing, mountaineering, boating, wildlife watching - bird and whale watching) on terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats and species, and managing these activities. Also includes restoration of habitats impacted by outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities.
Reduce/eliminate point source pollution to surface or ground waters from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities
Reducing or eliminating point source pollution to surface and ground waters from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities. This includes reducing/eliminating discharges from industrial and urban waste water treatment plants, or reducing/eliminating point source pollution from contaminated or abandoned industrial sites or from household waste dumps.
Reduce/eliminate diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities
Reducing or eliminating diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities (e.g. reducing/eliminating diffuse pollution due to sewage not connected to the sewage network or diffuse source pollution from contaminated or abandoned industrial sites or leakages from waste disposal sites).
Reduce/eliminate air pollution from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities
Reducing or eliminating chemical and micro-particulate point and diffuse pollution to air from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities.
Reduce/eliminate marine pollution from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities
Reducing or eliminating chemical point and diffuse source pollution to marine waters from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities.
Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
Reducing or eliminating the input and subsequent contamination of marine ecosystems with litter from all possible sources, including from the fishing industry.
Reduce/eliminate noise, light, heat or other forms pollution from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities
Reducing or eliminating noise, light, heat, electromagnetic or other types of pollution from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities. Excludes measure to reduce noise and light pollution from sport and leisure activities (CF03).
Manage changes in hydrological and coastal systems and regimes for construction and development
Managing acitvities causing changes in hydrological conditions and coastal systesm (e.g. drainage, land reclamation, conversion of wetlands, modification of flooding regimes, flood protection infrastructure and operations, building of dams and reservoirs, coastal protection and sea defence) associated with residential, commercial, industrial and recreational areas and activities. This includes restoring freshwater habitats and wetlands impacted by changes of hydrological functioning like building dams or canalisation for flood protection.
Manage water abstraction for public supply and for industrial and commercial use
Managing the abstraction of ground and surface water for industrial and commercial use, as well as for public water supply (including, for example, drinking water, water for urban watering of parks and gardens and irrigation of golf courses). This includes also restoring freshwater habitats impacted by changes of hydrological functioning like building dams for surface water abstraction.
Other measures related to residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructures, operations and activities
Other measures related to residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructures, operations and activities. Includes, for example, measures to regulate/adapt the reconstruction and renovation of buildings (important for nesting and sheltering of bats and birds) for example, by regulating timing of those interventions. Includes reducing the use of pesticides and fertilisers on lawns, hedges and fences.
Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
Managing of e.g. quantities, methods, periods, areas, and species for professional fishing; and shellfish and seaweed harvesting in marine, coastal and inland waters. This can include enforcement and control of e.g. fishing quotas and other regulations or stopping/avoiding fishing. Managing methods and periods for fishing to reduce bycatch and/or incidental killing should be included under CG05. Also includes the restoration of habitats damaged due to commercial fishing.
Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
Managing methods, periods, areas, quotas and species for hunting, recreational angling, recreational shellfish harvesting and recreational or commercial harvesting of plants (including fruits) and mushrooms. This can include stopping or avoiding hunting, recreational fishing, harvesting or collecting. Also includes the restoration of habitats damaged due to exploitation of species, for example, human trampling due to harvesting of shellfish or collection of plants, habitats damaged by game.
Reducing the impact of (re-) stocking for fishing and hunting, of artificial feeding and predator control
Reducing the impact of (re-) stocking fish and game species, of artificial game feeding, of the culling of possible predators or competitors of game species (illegal persecution of predators such as raptor persecution should be reported under CG04) and reducing the impact of other similar activities related to management of game and fishing stocks.
Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting
Controlling, though enforcement, the illegal killing, fishing and harvesting of fish, shellfish or plant species, including the use of illegal methods or the taking protected species.
Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
Introducing or adapting practices to reduce bycatch or incidental killing from commercial and recreational use and exploitation of species (e.g. by adapting methods or periods for fishing).
Reducing impact of lead ammunition or fishing weights.
Manage changes in coastal conditions for marine aquaculture
Managing changes to coastal conditions due to the installation, maintenance and operation of marine/coastal aquaculture facilities for fish, shellfish, plants or algae. This can include, for example, regulating or minimising the effect of dredging. This also includes restoring coastal habitats and wetlands impacted by changes of coastal conditions due to marine aquaculture.
Reduce/eliminate marine pollution from marine aquaculture
Reducing or eliminating pollution to marine waters from marine/coastal aquaculture (fish, shellfish, plants, algae).
Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
Other measures to reduce the impact from marine/coastal aquaculture such as impacts from the introduction of new species. Includes maintaining existing extensive aquaculture.
Manage water abstraction and modifications of hydrological conditions for freshwater aquaculture
Managing water abstraction and modification of hydrological conditions (e.g. weirs, canals, small dams, water deviation) due to to installation, maintenance and operation of freshwater aquaculture of fish, plants and algae.
Reduce/eliminate point source pollution to surface waters from freshwater aquaculture
Reducing or eliminating point source pollution to surface waters from freshwater aquaculture (e.g. due to feeding, use of antibiotics or fertilisation).
Reduce/eliminate diffuse pollution to surface waters from freshwater aquaculture
Reducing or eliminating diffuse pollution to surface waters from freshwater aquaculture (e.g. due to feeding, use of antibiotics or fertilisation).
Reduce/eliminate marine pollution from freshwater aquaculture
Reducing or eliminating pollution to marine waters from freshwater aquaculture (e.g. due to feeding, use of antibiotics or fertilisation).
Other measures to reduce impacts of freshwater aquaculture infrastructures and operation
Other measures to reduce impact from freshwater aquaculture such as the impacts from the introduction of new species. Includes maintaining existing extensive aquaculture.
Other measures related to exploitation of species
Other measures related to the exploitation of species (e.g. deliberate, non-lethal disturbance/deterrence of 'pest' species such as Phalacrocorax spp., to reduce conflicts with aquaculture).
Reduce impact of military installations and activities
Reducing the impact of military sites, infrastructures, exercises and operations.
Adapting or maintaining military activities for nature protection objectives; use of military activity to maintain or restore habitats (e.g. use disturbance from military exercises to maintain open habitats).
Reduce impact of other specific human actions
Reducing the impact from specific human actions not included in other categories. (e.g. from property fences and walls, closure of caves and gallery entrances, felling roadside trees or from civil unrest and vandalism).
Early detection and rapid eradication of invasive alien species of Union concern
Establishing and operating the system of early detection and rapid eradication of invasive alien species of Union concern (under Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014). This also includes measures to prevent, or reduce the likelihood of the establishment and entry of invasive alien species.
Management, control or eradication of established invasive alien species of Union concern
Managing, controlling or eradicating established invasive alien species of Union concern (under Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014) (e.g. culling of Ruddy duck - Oxyura jamaicensis).
Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
Managing, controlling the spread of other 'invasive' alien species ( i.e. any species introduced in modern period that is established in the wild outside its natural range and whose introduction and/or spread represents a threat or a potential threat to habitats and species, regardless of the invasive population dynamics (e.g. controlling Acacia spp.)) or eradicating established populations of other alien species.
DO NOT USE Management, control or eradication of other alien species
This code should not be used for new entries. It has been restored for technical reasons.
Management of problematic native species
Managing native plants and animals that have become out-of-balance directly or indirectly due to human activities and, in certain regions, may be causing damage to particular habitats (e.g. deer jeopardising forest restoration) or threatening population of target species (e.g. gulls predating on eggs and chicks of a threatened bird). This also includes managing impacts of feral populations.
Other measures related to problematic species
Other measures related to problematic species.
Controlling and eradicating plant and animal diseases, pathogens and pests
Controlling and eradicating plant and animal diseases, pathogens and pests (including insect and nematode pests).
Reducing the impact of pollution in situations where no specific driver can be identified.
Reduce impact of multi-purpose hydrological changes
Reducing the impact of landfilling, removal of sediments, canalisation, water deviation, flooding regime modification and other modifications of hydrological functioning or physical chracteristics of water bodies, which cannot be easily associated with one of the categories above.
Restore habitats impacted by multi-purpose hydrological changes
Restoring freshwater, wetlands and coastal habitats impacted by multi-purpose hydrological modifications. This excludes restoration of agricultural and forest habitats which should be reported under CA10 or CB10 respectively.
Other measures related to mixed source pollution and multi-purpose human-induced changes in hydraulic conditions
Other measures related to mixed source pollution and multi-purpose human-induced changes in hydraulic conditions.
Management of habitats (others than agriculture and forest) to slow, stop or reverse natural processes
Managing habitats (biotic and abiotic factors), excluding agriculture and forest-related habitats, to slow down, stop or reverse natural processes. This can include abiotic natural processes (e.g. erosion, silting up, drying out, salinization, eutrophication or acidification), natural succession of vegetation (in open early succsession stage habitats), natural accumulation of organic material, which is not a result of human activitiy, or lack of human activities. For example, if measures adress drying out which is a result of a human induced modification of hydrological conditions, it should not be reported under this category. Includes, for example, managing and restoring natural open (early-succession stage) habitats impacted by natural processes (e.g. maintaining heathland to prevent them from being overgrown by trees by grazing, conservation burning).
Minimise/prevent impacts of geological and natural catastrophes
Minimising (and when possible preventing) the impacts of geological events (e.g. volcanic activity) and extreme natural events (e.g. tidal waves, storms, landslides, flooding, wild fires) on habitats and species.
Restore habitats following geological and natural catastrophes
Restoring habitats and species after the occurrence of geological events (e.g. volcanic activity) and extreme natural events (e.g. tidal waves, storms, landslides, flooding, wild fires).
Other measures related to natural processes
Other measures related to natural processes e.g. control of natural competitors, predators or diseases of species targeted by the nature directives.
Adopt climate change mitigation measures
Adoption and implementation of general climate change mitigation measures. These are generally taken in a broader scale and not specifically for alleviating pressure on habitats and species. Therefore,this 'conservation measure' should only be noted when the main pressure is climate change and mitigation measures are being implemented.
Implement climate change adaptation measures
Implementation of specific climate change adaptation measures to address specific pressures on habitats and species (e.g. managing an interconnected network of habitats / protected areas, to facilitate the adaptive dispersal of key species in the context of shifts in suitable 'climate envelopes').
Support conservation measures in another EU Member State
Supporting the implementation of conservation measures in other EU Member States, for example, through financing or capacity building.
Support conservation measures in countries outside the EU
Supporting the implementation of measures in countries outside the EU (e.g. financing, capacity building).
Reinforce populations of species from the directives
Reinforcing populations of species targeted by the nature directives, including population enhancement through restocking, strengthening of extant populations by seeding, relocation and transfer from captivity or through cultivation. Excludes restoring habitats for species (see e.g. CS03).
Reintroduction of species targeted by the nature directives to former sites from other populations or ex-situ conservation through specific reintroduction programmes. Excludes restoring habitats for species (see e.g. CS03).
Improvement of habitat of species from the directives
Improvement of conditions for the species from the directives through specific measures that cannot be readily achieved by other pressure specific measures or pressure specific measures can not be identified. This includes, for example, the creation of ponds for amphibians, boosting reproductive success by installing nest boxes and platforms (as a substitue measure for lack of natural nesting cavities due to innapropriate forest management practices) or supplementary feeding (possibly carried out to mitigate a particular threat, such as 'natural' carcasses containing diclofenac, but also often carried out at as a broader measure to compensate for cumulative human pressures on natural habitats and food resources).
Managing native plants and animals important for the restoration of habitats (e.g. managing keystone species of habitats) or for the survival of certain species (e.g. managing prey and their habitat, like wild rabbits as prey for Iberian lynx and Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti). Includes reintroduction of crucial host species or other positively interacting species (like pollinators).