AQD - Measurement Methods Submitted None Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state. In analytical chemistry the technique is used for determining the concentration of a particular element (the analyte) in a sample to be analyzed. AAS can be used to determine over 70 different elements in solution or directly in solid samples (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy) Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods AMS/ACSM Aerosol Mass Spectrometer/Aerosol Chemical Mass Spectrometer Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Beta ray attenuation The instrument's primary operating mechanism is the radiometric microbalance system, which relies on changes in the strength of a beta ray beam passing through the filter paper to determine changes in particulate mass collected. A Beta Attenuation Monitor is comprised of three main components: the PM air inlet, the central instrument, and the vacuum pump. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Capacitive sensor Capacitive sensors function by using the principle of an ideal plate capacitor. One plate is the sensor itself. The other is the measurement object, which lies across from it. An electrical field is generated between the two plates. A protection ring around the device structure ensures that the electrical field is as homogenous as possible. If an object enters the field, the distance between the two plates changes. This can be measured Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods CAPS For NO2 Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Condensation particle counter Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Cavity ring down spectroscopy Cavity ring down spectroscopy for measuring CO2, CH4 & CO Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy is a subset of the analytical technique known as atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). Used in the measurement of trace amounts of volatile heavy metals such as mercury, cold vapour AFS makes use of the unique characteristic of mercury that allows vapour measurement at room temperature. Free mercury atoms in a carrier gas are excited by a collimated ultraviolet light source at a wavelength of 253.7 nanometres. The excited atoms re-radiate their absorbed energy (fluoresce) at this same wavelength. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) In atmospheric chemistry, differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is used to measure concentrations of trace gases. When combined with basic optical spectrometers such as prisms or diffraction gratings and automated, ground-based observation platforms, what we have is a cheap and powerful means for the measurement of such trace gas species as ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Flame Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (FAES) Flame atomic emission spectroscopy (FAES) is a classical method which has been largely displaced by plasma spectroscopies. Plasmas produce higher atomization ratios, but the theory is similar in both flame and the plasmas. FAES is the classical method used as plasmas have taken over as the preferred method due to the higher atomization ratios that occur. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Flame ionization detection (FID) A flame ionization detector (FID) is a type of gas detector used in gas chromatography. The detection of organic compounds is most effectively done with flame ionization. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Gas chromatography Gas chromatography Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Gas chromatography followed by flame ionization detection (GC-FID) Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Gas chromatography followed by photo ionization detection (GC-PID) Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Gravimetric analysis Gravimetric analysis describes a set of methods in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of an analyte based on the mass of a solid. A simple example is the measurement of solids suspended in air sample: A known volume of air is filtered, and the collected solids are weighed Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Ion chromatography Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on their charge. It can be used for almost any kind of charged molecule including large proteins, small nucleotides and amino acids. The solution to be injected is usually called a sample, and the individually separated components are called analytes. It is often used in protein purification, water analysis, and quality control. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Infrared gas filter correlation Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Multi-Stage Solid State Thermistor Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Multi-angle Absorption Photometry (MAAP) The measurement is performed at three detection angles to resolve the influence of light-scattering aerosol components on the angular distribution of the back scattered radiation. The fraction of light absorbed by the deposited aerosol (absorbance ABS) is obtained from a radiative transfer scheme. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR) A nondispersive infrared sensor (or NDIR) sensor is a simple spectroscopic device often used as gas detector. The main components are an infrared source (lamp), a sample chamber or light tube, a wavelength sample chamber, and gas concentration is measured electro-optically by its absorption of a specific wavelength in the infrared (IR). The IR light is directed through the sample chamber towards the detector. In parallel there is another chamber with an enclosed reference gas, typically nitrogen. The detector has an optical filter in front of it that eliminates all light except the wavelength that the selected gas molecules can absorb. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods NTC + Capacitive sensor Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Optical particle counter + conversion to mass concentration Optical particle counter + conversion to mass concentration for Particular Matter Example: http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabulary/aq/measurementequipment/GRIMM-EDM180 Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Photo Ionization Detection (PID) A PID uses an ultraviolet (UV) light source to break down VOCs in the air into positive and negative ions. The PID then detects or measures the charge of the ionized gas, with the charge being a function of the concentration of VOCs in the air. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Platina Resistand Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Pyranometer with Thermopile Sensors Pyranometer with Thermopile Sensors Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Scanning mobilty particle sizer (SMPS) Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Spectrophotometry Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. It is more specific than the general term electromagnetic spectroscopy in that spectrophotometry deals with visible light, near-ultraviolet, and near-infrared, but does not cover time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Spectrophotometry involves the use of a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is a photometer that can measure intensity as a function of the light source wavelength. Important features of spectrophotometers are spectral bandwidth and linear range of absorption or reflectance measurement. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Tipping-Bucket Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) A continuous direct mass measurement of particulate matter utilizing a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) with Filter Dynamics Measurement System (FDMS) A continuous direct mass measurement particulate matter utilizing a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) and Filter Dynamics Measurement System (FDMS). Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) + correction with estimated volatile fraction A continuous direct mass measurement particulate matter utilizing a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) and correction with estimated volatile fraction (A correction to take into account the missing volatile fraction. This fraction is estimated from another station where a TEOM 1400 and a TEOM FDMS are used in parallel.) Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Thermo-optical EC/OC measurement Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods UV fluorescence Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Ultraviolet (UV) photometry Also UV absorption Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Ultrasone Anemometer Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Vakuum-Ultraviolet (VUV) Spectrometry Vakuum-Ultraviolet (VUV) Spectrometry Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (ZeemanAAS) Analysis of Hg Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Chemiluminescence Chemiluminescence (sometimes "chemoluminescence") is the emission of light (luminescence), as the result of a chemical reaction. One known gas phase reaction is the basis of nitric oxide detection in commercial analytic instruments applied to environmental air-quality testing. Ozone is combined with nitric oxide to form nitrogen dioxide in an activated state. The activated NO2 luminesces broadband visible to infrared light as it reverts to a lower energy state. A photomultiplier and associated electronics counts the photons that are proportional to the amount of NO present. To determine the amount of nitrogen dioxide, NO2, in a sample (containing no NO) it must first be converted to nitric oxide, NO, by passing the sample through a converter before the above ozone activation reaction is applied. The ozone reaction produces a photon count proportional to NO that is proportional to NO2 before it was converted to NO. In the case of a mixed sample that contains both NO and NO2, the above reaction yields the amount of NO and NO2 combined in the air sample, assuming that the sample is passed through the converter. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Coulometry Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Light absorption Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Light scattering Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Nephelometry Nephelometry is a light scattering method to detect particles in liquid samples. The principle is to measure forwarded scattered light when a laser beam passes through a sample and the light is deflected by the particles. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Nephelometry + BETA See description for Nephelometry See description for BETA Example: http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabulary/aq/measurementequipment/thermo5030SHARP Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Other, please specify Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Potentiometry Used for HF & F- Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Reflectrometry Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Saltzman - colorimetric microdetermination of NO2 Saltzman method for the determination of NO2 in the atmosphere by colorimetric reaction. Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods Analogue Wind Vane Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods 3-Cups Anemometer Valid Data Dictionary Vocabularies Eionet Data Dictionary AQD - Measurement Methods