When adding new record to CDDA sites table, it should be marked as A in EIONET_CHNG_TYPE field When making corrections in existing record of CDDA sites table C should be added to EIONET_CHNG_TYPE field When updating existing record with new data in CDDA sites table U should be added to EIONET_CHNG_TYPE field - # * / + = Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 No Yes Designation types used with the intention to protect fauna, flora, habitats and landscapes (the latter as far as relevant for fauna, flora and for habitat protection) Statutes under sectorial, particularly forestry, legislative and administrative acts providing an adequate protection relevant for fauna, flora and habitat conservation Private statute providing durable protection for fauna, flora or habitats Distinct but related The two sites partially overlap The described site includes another site completely The other site includes the described site completely Neighbouring sites Sites are coincident Designation types used with the intention to protect fauna, flora, habitats and landscapes (the latter as far as relevant for fauna, flora and for habitat protection) Statutes under sectorial, particularly forestry, legislative and administrative acts providing an adequate protection relevant for fauna, flora and habitat conservation Private statute providing durable protection for fauna, flora or habitats Area of land/or sea possessing some outstanding or representative ecosystems, geological or physiological features and/or species, available primarily or scientific research and/or environmental monitoring. Large area of unmodified or slightly modified land and/or sea, retaining its natural character and influence, without permanent or significant habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural condition. Natural area of land and/or sea, designated to (a) protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations, (b) exclude exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation of the area and (c) provide a foundation for spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities, all of which must be environmentally and culturally compatible. Area containing one, or more, specific natural or natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative or aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Area of land and/or sea subject to active intervention for management purposes so as to ensure the maintenance of habitats and/or to meet the requirements of specific species. IUCN category will never be available for some reason Unassigned Area of land, with coast and sea as appropriate, where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant aesthetic, ecological and/or cultural value, and often with high biological diversity. Safeguarding the integrity of this traditional interaction is vital to the protection, maintenance and evolution of such an area. Area containing predominantly unmodified natural systems, managed to ensure long term protection and maintenance of biological diversity, while providing at the same time a sustainable flow of natural products and services to meet community needs. Marine habitats Littoral rock and other hard substrata Littoral rock very exposed to wave action Mussels and/or barnacles on very exposed littoral rock Robust fucoids or red seaweeds on very exposed littoral rock Communities of the upper mediolittoral rock Communities of the lower mediolittoral rock very exposed to wave action Littoral rock moderately exposed to wave action Mussels and/or barnacles on littoral rock moderately exposed to wave action Fucoids and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral rock Red seaweeds on moderately exposed littoral rock Ephemeral green or red seaweeds (freshwater- or sand-influenced) on moderately exposed littoral rock Mussels and fucoids on moderately exposed littoral rock [Sabellaria] reefs on littoral rock Communities of the lower mediolittoral rock moderately exposed to wave action Littoral rock sheltered from wave action Dense fucoids on sheltered littoral rock Fucoids, barnacles or ephemeral seaweeds on sheltered littoral mixed substrata Mussel beds on sheltered littoral mixed substrata Red algal turf in lower eulittoral, sheltered from wave action Communities of the lower mediolittoral rock sheltered from wave action Rock habitats exposed by action of wind (e.g. hydrolittoral) Hydrolittoral soft rock Hydrolittoral solid rock (bedrock) Hydrolittoral hard clay Hydrolittoral [Mytilus edulis] beds Hydrolittoral peat Rockpools Communities of littoral rockpools Communities of rockpools in the supralittoral zone Brackish permanent pools in the geolittoral zone Littoral caves and overhangs Communities of littoral caves and overhangs Littoral sediments Littoral gravels and coarse sands Shingle and gravel shores Estuarine coarse sediment shores Communities of the mediolittoral coarse detritic bottoms Littoral sands and muddy sands Sandy and muddy sand shores with 90-100% air exposure Sandy and muddy sand shores with 70-90% air exposure Sandy and muddy sand shores with <70% air exposure Sand shores Muddy sand shores Littoral muds Muddy shores with 90-100% air exposure Muddy shores with 70-90% air exposure Muddy shores with <70% air exposure Saltmarsh creeks Saltmarsh pools Sandy mud shores Soft mud shores Littoral combination sediments Sheltered combination sediment shores Habitats with sediments exposed by action of wind (e.g. hydrolittoral) Hydrolittoral stony substrates Hydrolittoral gravel substrates Hydrolittoral sandy substrates Hydrolittoral muddy substrates Hydrolittoral mixed sediment substrates Geolittoral wetlands and meadows: reed, rush and sedge stands Coastal saltmarshes and saline reedbeds Saltmarsh driftlines Species-rich upper saltmarshes Mid-upper saltmarshes and saline reedbeds Low-mid saltmarshes Pioneer saltmarshes Littoral sediments dominated by aquatic angiosperms [Zostera] beds on littoral sediments [Eleocharis] beds [Ruppia] beds on littoral sediments Methane seeps in littoral sediments Biogenic structures on littoral sediments Biogenic features (scars) on littoral mixed sediments Sublittoral rock and other hard substrata Infralittoral rock very exposed to wave action and/or currents and tidal streams Kelp with cushion fauna, foliose red seaweeds or coralline crusts (exposed rock) Fauna and seaweeds on vertical exposed infralittoral rock Communities of infralittoral algae very exposed to wave action Areas dominated by encrusting algae Areas dominated by frondose algae, other than kelp Infralittoral rock moderately exposed to wave action and/or currents and tidal streams Kelp and red seaweeds on moderately exposed infralittoral rock Grazed kelp with algal crusts on moderately exposed infralittoral rock Sand-tolerant or disturbed kelp and seaweed on moderately exposed infralittoral rock Fauna and seaweeds on vertical moderately exposed infralittoral rock Communities of infralittoral algae moderately exposed to wave action Baltic brackish water sublittoral biocenoses of hard substrata influenced by varying salinity Animal-dominated communities of moderately exposed infralittoral rock Infralittoral rock sheltered from wave action and currents and tidal streams Silted kelp communities on sheltered infralittoral rock Estuarine faunal communities on shallow rock or mixed substrata Submerged fucoids, green and red seaweeds on reduced/low salinity infralittoral rock Communities of infralittoral algae sheltered from wave action Animal-dominated communities of sheltered infralittoral rock in full salinity Caves, overhangs and surge gullies in the infralittoral zone Robust fauna on infralittoral surge gullies and cave walls Circalittoral rock very exposed to wave action or currents and tidal streams Faunal crusts or short turfs on exposed circalittoral rock [Alcyonium]-dominated communities on tide-swept circalittoral rock Barnacle, cushion sponge and [Tubularia] communities on very tide-swept circalittoral rock Circalittoral rock moderately exposed to wave action or currents and tidal streams Mixed faunal turf communities on moderately exposed circalittoral rock Sand-influenced bryozoan and hydroid turfs on moderately exposed circalittoral rock [Sabellaria spinulosa] communities on circalittoral rock Mussel beds on moderately exposed circalittoral rock Brittlestar beds on circalittoral rock or mixed substrata Grazed faunal communities on moderately exposed or sheltered circalittoral rock Silt-influenced ascidian communities on moderately exposed circalittoral rock Communities on soft moderately exposed circalittoral rock Faunal turfs on vertical circalittoral rock Coralligenous communities moderately exposed to hydrodynamic action Circalittoral rock sheltered from wave action and currents including tidal streams Brachiopods and solitary ascidian communities on sheltered circalittoral rock Sheltered [Modiolus] beds Coralligenous communities sheltered from hydrodynamic action Deep circalittoral rock habitats exposed to strong currents Animal communities of deep circalittoral rock habitats exposed to strong currents Deep circalittoral rock habitats exposed to moderately strong currents Animal communities of deep circalittoral rock habitats exposed to moderately strong currents Deep circalittoral rock habitats exposed to weak or no currents Animal communities of deep circalittoral rock habitats exposed to weak or no currents Caves and overhangs below the infralittoral zone Communities of circalittoral caves and overhangs Caves in total darkness, including deep-sea caves Vents and seeps in sublittoral rock Bubbling reefs in the sublittoral euphotic zone Bubbling reefs in the aphotic zone Freshwater seeps in sublittoral rock Oil seeps in sublittoral rock Vents in sublittoral rock Sublittoral sediments Sublittoral mobile cobbles, gravels and coarse sands Animal communities in shallow-water gravels Animal communities in shallow-water coarse sands Animal communities of circalittoral mobile cobbles, gravels and sands Animals communities in deeper coarse sands Animal communities in variable or reduced salinity gravels and coarse sands Sublittoral sands and muddy sands Animal communities in fully marine shallow clean sands Communities of fine sands in very shallow waters Communities of well sorted fine sands Animal communities in variable or reduced salinity shallow clean sands Animal communities in fully marine shallow-water muddy sands Animal communities in variable or reduced salinity muddy sands Animal communities of circalittoral muddy sands Communities of the muddy detritic bottom Sublittoral muds Shallow fully marine mud communities Variable or reduced salinity sublittoral muds Communities of superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters Communities of coastal terrigenous muds Periodically and permanently anoxic sublittoral muds Animal communities of circalittoral muds Sublittoral combination sediments Kelp and seaweeds on shallow-water mixed sediments Animal communities in shallow-water mixed sediments Variable and reduced salinity sublittoral mixed sediments Animal communities of circalittoral mixed sediments Communities of the coastal detritic bottom Shallow sublittoral sediments dominated by angiosperms [Cymodocea] beds [Halophila] beds [Zostera] beds in infralittoral sediments [Ruppia] and [Zannichellia] communities Sublittoral macrophyte beds of coastal brackish waters [Posidonia] beds Biogenic structures over sublittoral sediments Seaweeds and maerl on coarse shallow-water sediments Maerl beds on shallow-water muddy mixed sediments Oyster beds Structures formed by mussels over sublittoral sediment Maerl beds on deep-water muddy sediments Deep shelf sediment habitats Animal communities of deep circalittoral gravel bottoms Animal communities of deep circalittoral sandy bottoms Animal communities of deep circalittoral shell gravel bottoms Animal communities of deep circalittoral muddy bottoms Animal communities of deep circalittoral mixed sediment bottoms Communities of shelf-edge detritic bottom Seeps and vents in sublittoral sediments Freshwater seeps in sublittoral sediments Methane seeps in sublittoral sediments Oil seeps in sublittoral sediments Vents in sublittoral sediments Deep-sea bed Deep-sea rock and artificial hard substrates Deep-sea bedrock Deep-sea artificial hard substrates Deep-sea manganese nodules Boulders on the deep-sea bed Deep-sea combination substrates Deep-sea lag deposits Deep-sea biogenic gravels (shells, coral debris) Deep-sea calcareous pavements Communities of allochthonous material Deep-sea sand substrates Communities of bathyal detritic sands with [Grypheus vitreus] Deep-sea muddy sand substrates Deep-sea muds Abyssal hills Communities of bathyal muds Communities of abyssal muds Deep-sea bioherms Deep-sea bioherm dominated by scleractinian coral framework Deep-sea bioherm dominated by Porifera Communities of deep-sea corals Canyons, channels, slope failures and slumps on the continental slope Active downslope channels Inactive downslope channels Alongslope channels Turbidites and fans Deep-sea trenches Deep-sea reducing habitats Seeps in the deep-sea bed Gas hydrates in deep-sea Cetacean and other carcasses on the deep-sea bed Deep-sea bed influenced by hypoxic water column Isolated 'oceanic' features: seamounts, ridges and the submerged flanks of oceanic islands Permanently submerged flanks of oceanic islands Seamounts, knolls and banks Summit communities of seamount, knoll or bank within euphotic zone Summit communities of seamount, knoll or bank within the mesopelagic zone, i.e. interacting with diurnally migrating plankton Deep summit communities of seamount, knoll or bank (i.e. below mesopelagic zone) Flanks of seamount, knoll or bank Base of seamount, knoll or bank Oceanic ridges Communities of ridge flanks Communities of ridge axial trough (i.e. non-vent fauna) Oceanic ridge without hydrothermal effects Isolated ‘oceanic’ features influenced by hypoxic water column Vents in the deep sea Active vent fields Inactive vent fields Pelagic water column Neuston Temporary neuston layer Permanent neuston layer Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity and short residence time Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity and medium residence time Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity and long residence time Completely mixed water column with full salinity Completely mixed water column with full salinity and short residence time Completely mixed water column with full salinity and medium residence time Completely mixed water column with full salinity and long residence time Partially mixed water column with reduced salinity and medium or long residence time Partially mixed water column with reduced salinity and medium residence time Partially mixed water column with reduced salinity and long residence time Unstratified water column with reduced salinity Euphotic (epipelagic) zone in unstratified reduced salinity water Mesopelagic zone in unstratified reduced salinity water Bathypelagic zone in unstratified reduced salinity water Abyssopelagic zone in unstratified reduced salinity water Vertically stratified water column with reduced salinity Water column with ephemeral thermal stratification and reduced salinity Water column with seasonal thermal stratification and reduced salinity Water column with permanent thermal stratification and reduced salinity Water column with ephemeral halocline and reduced salinity Water column with seasonal halocline and reduced salinity Water column with permanent halocline and reduced salinity Water column with ephemeral oxygen stratification and reduced salinity Water column with seasonal oxygen stratification and reduced salinity Water column with permanent oxygen stratification and reduced salinity Fronts in reduced salinity water column Ephemeral fronts in reduced salinity water column Seasonal fronts in reduced salinity water column Persistent fronts in reduced salinity water column Unstratified water column with full salinity Euphotic (epipelagic) zone in unstratified full salinity water Mesopelagic zone in unstratified full salinity water Bathypelagic zone in unstratified full salinity water Abyssopelagic zone in unstratified full salinity water Vertically stratified water column with full salinity Water column with ephemeral thermal stratification and full salinity Water column with seasonal thermal stratification and full salinity Water column with permanent thermal stratification and full salinity Water column with ephemeral halocline and full salinity Water column with seasonal halocline and full salinity Water column with permanent halocline and full salinity Water column with ephemeral oxygen stratification and full salinity Water column with seasonal oxygen stratification and full salinity Water column with permanent oxygen stratification and full salinity Fronts in full salinity water column Ephemeral fronts in full salinity water column Seasonal fronts in full salinity water column Persistent fronts in full salinity water column Ice-associated marine habitats Sea ice Seasonal pack-ice Permanent pack-ice Ice floes Freshwater ice Large tabular iceberg Medium iceberg Small iceberg Bergy bit Growler Brine channels Brine channels in first year ice Brine channels in multi-year ice Under-ice habitat Under-ice habitat in first-year ice Under-ice habitat in multi-year ice Coastal habitats Coastal dune and sand habitats Angiosperm communities of sand beach driftlines Boreo-Arctic sand beach annual communities Middle European sand beach annual communities Tethyan sand beach driftline communities Sand beaches above the driftline Unvegetated sand beaches above the driftline Biocenosis of supralittoral sands Boreo-arctic sand beach perennial communities Sandy beach ridges with no or low vegetation Sandy beach ridges dominated by shrubs or trees Shifting coastal dunes Embryonic shifting dunes White dunes Young boreo-arctic dunes Coastal stable dune grassland (grey dunes) Northern fixed grey dunes Biscay fixed grey dunes Mediterraneo-Atlantic fixed grey dunes East Mediterranean fixed grey dunes Atlantic dune [Mesobromion] grassland Atlantic dune thermophile fringes Dune fine-grass annual communities Tethyan dune deep sand therophyte communities Dune Mediterranean xeric grassland Coastal dune heaths [Empetrum] brown dunes [Calluna vulgaris] brown dunes Coastal dune scrub Coastal dune thickets [Salix arenaria] mats Dune [Juniperus] thickets Dune sclerophyllous scrubs and thickets Coastal dune woods Coastal brown dunes covered with natural or almost natural coniferous forest, e.g. [Pinus silvestris] Coastal brown dunes covered with deciduous forest ([Fagus], [Betula], [Quercus]) Moist and wet dune slacks Dune-slack pioneer swards Dune-slack fens Dune-slack grassland and heaths Dune-slack reedbeds, sedgebeds and canebeds Coastal dunes: wet dune slacks: dominated by shrubs or trees Machair Coastal shingle habitats Shingle beach driftline habitats Boreo-arctic gravel beach annual communities Atlantic and Baltic shingle beach drift lines Gravel beach communities of the mediterranean region Biocenosis of slowly drying wracks Unvegetated mobile shingle beaches above the driftline Upper shingle beaches with open vegetation Baltic [Crambe maritima] communities Channel [Crambe maritima] communities Atlantic [Crambe maritima] communities Fixed shingle beaches, with herbaceous vegetation Euro-Siberian gravel bank grasslands Shingle and gravel beaches with scrub vegetation Euro-Siberian gravel bank heaths Shingle and gravel beach woodland Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, including the supralittoral Supralittoral rock (lichen or splash zone) Lichens or algal crusts on supralittoral rocks Rock stacks and islets above high tide level Unvegetated rock cliffs, ledges, shores and islets High Arctic sea-cliffs and rocky shores Atlantic low Arctic sea-cliffs and rocky shores Temperate Atlantic sea-cliffs and rocky shores Unvegetated Baltic rocky shores and cliffs Subtropical Atlantic sea-cliffs and rocky shores Mediterraneo-Pontic sea-cliffs and rocky shores Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with halophytic angiosperms Atlantic sea-cliff communities Vegetated Baltic gently sloping rocky shores and cliffs Tethyan sea-cliff communities Canarian and Madeiran sea-cliff communities Azorean sea-cliff communities Coastal lagoon cliff communities Soft sea-cliffs, often vegetated Baltic chalk and moraine cliffs Inland surface water habitats Surface standing waters Permanent oligotrophic lakes, ponds and pools Benthic communities of oligotrophic waterbodies Rooted submerged vegetation of oligotrophic waterbodies Rooted floating vegetation of oligotrophic waterbodies Charophyte submerged carpets in oligotrophic waterbodies Peatmoss and [Utricularia] communities of oligotrophic waterbodies Dune-slack pools Permanent mesotrophic lakes, ponds and pools Benthic communities of mesotrophic waterbodies Free-floating vegetation of mesotrophic waterbodies Rooted submerged vegetation of mesotrophic waterbodies Rooted floating vegetation of mesotrophic waterbodies Charophyte submerged carpets in mesotrophic waterbodies Peatmoss and [Utricularia] communities of mesotrophic waterbodies Permanent eutrophic lakes, ponds and pools Benthic communities of eutrophic waterbodies Free-floating vegetation of eutrophic waterbodies Rooted submerged vegetation of eutrophic waterbodies Rooted floating vegetation of eutrophic waterbodies Permanent dystrophic lakes, ponds and pools Benthic communities of dystrophic waterbodies Rooted submerged vegetation of dystrophic waterbodies Rooted floating vegetation of dystrophic waterbodies Charophyte submerged carpets in dystrophic waterbodies Peatmoss and [Utricularia] communities of dystrophic waterbodies Raised bog pools Lagg Permanent inland saline and brackish lakes, ponds and pools Salt basin benthic communities Submerged charophyte carpets in inland saline or hypersaline waterbodies Brackish water floating vegetation Submerged macrophyte communities of inland saline and brackish waters Temporary lakes, ponds and pools (wet phase) Lime-deficient oligotrophic temporary waters Mesotrophic temporary waters Eutrophic temporary waters Dystrophic temporary waters Lime-rich oligo-mesotrophic temporary waters Temporary inland saline and brackish waters Turlough and lake-bottom meadows Benthic communities of temporary waters Rooted floating vegetation of temporary waterbodies Permanent lake ice Surface running waters Springs, spring brooks and geysers Soft water springs Hard water springs Geysers Thermal springs Saline springs Crenal streams (spring brooks) Thermal spring brooks Acid oligotrophic vegetation of spring brooks Lime-rich oligotrophic vegetation of spring brooks Mesotrophic vegetation of spring brooks Eutrophic vegetation of spring brooks Permanent non-tidal, fast, turbulent watercourses Epirhithral and metarhithral streams Hyporhithral streams Glacial meltwaters Waterfalls Acid oligotrophic vegetation of fast-flowing streams Lime-rich oligotrophic vegetation of fast-flowing streams Mesotrophic vegetation of fast-flowing streams Eutrophic vegetation of fast-flowing streams Permanent non-tidal, slow, smooth-flowing watercourses Epipotamal streams Metapotamal and hypopotamal streams Mesotrophic vegetation of slow-flowing rivers Eutrophic vegetation of slow-flowing rivers Tidal rivers, upstream from the estuary Brackish water tidal rivers Freshwater tidal rivers Mesotrophic vegetation of tidal rivers Eutrophic vegetation of tidal rivers Temporary running waters (wet phase) Films of water flowing over rocky watercourse margins Littoral zone of inland surface waterbodies Species-rich helophyte beds Beds of small helophytes of fast-flowing waters Water-fringing reedbeds and tall helophytes other than canes [Phragmites australis] beds [Scirpus lacustris] beds [Typha] beds Medium-tall non-graminoid waterside communities Water-fringe medium-tall grass beds [Phalaris arundinacea] beds Halophile [Scirpus] beds Riparian [Cladium mariscus] beds Water-fringing beds of tall canes [Saccharum ravennae] communities [Arundo donax] beds Species-poor beds of low-growing water-fringing or amphibious vegetation Euro-Siberian perennial amphibious communities Mediterraneo-Atlantic amphibious communities Central Eurasian amphibious communities [Eleocharis parvula] and [Eleocharis acicularis] beds of inland saline and brackish waters [Nasturtium officinale] ([Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum]) beds Pioneer and ephemeral vegetation of periodically inundated shores Euro-Siberian dwarf annual amphibious swards [Bidens] communities (of lake and pond shores) Euro-Siberian annual river mud communities Boreo-arctic river mud communities Sparsely vegetated river gravel banks Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated shores with soft or mobile sediments Unvegetated river sand banks Unvegetated river gravel banks Unvegetated river mud banks Exposed unvegetated freshwater lake sands and shingles Exposed unvegetated freshwater lake muds Exposed unvegetated beaches of inland saline and brackish waters with soft sediments Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated shores with non-mobile substrates Periodically exposed river-bed rocks, pavements and blocks Periodically exposed lake-bed rocks, pavements and blocks Draw-down zones of reservoirs with non-mobile substrates Inland spray- and steam-dependent habitats Mire, bog and fen habitats Raised and blanket bogs Raised bogs Active, relatively undamaged raised bogs Damaged, inactive bogs Condensation mires [Myrica gale] scrub on raised bogs Wet bare peat and peat haggs on raised bogs Blanket bogs Hyperoceanic low-altitude blanket bogs, typically with dominant [Trichophorum] Montane blanket bogs, [Calluna] and [Eriophorum vaginatum] often dominant Boreo-Atlantic blanket bogs Wet bare peat and peat haggs on blanket bogs Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires Valley mires Acid valley mires Basic and neutral valley mires Poor fens [Eriophorum scheuchzeri] fens [Carex nigra], [Carex canescens], [Carex echinata] fens Apennine acidic fens [Carex intricata] pozzines (wet depressions surrounding glacial lakes) [Trichophorum cespitosum] and [Narthecium ossifragum] acidic fens [Eriophorum angustifolium] fens Dunal sedge acidic fens Illyrio-Moesian acidic fens Boreal acidic sphagnum fens [Myrica gale] scrub on poor fens Caucasian acidic fens Soft water spring mires Transition mires and quaking bogs [Carex lasiocarpa] swards [Carex diandra] quaking mires [Carex rostrata] quaking mires [Carex limosa] swards [Carex chordorrhiza] swards [Carex heleonastes] swards [Rhynchospora alba] quaking bogs [Sphagnum] and [Eriophorum] rafts [Menyanthes trifoliata] and [Potentilla palustris] rafts [Calla palustris] mires Brown moss carpets [Eriophorum vaginatum] quaking bogs [Molinia caerulea] quaking bogs [Calamagrostis stricta] quaking bogs [Scirpus hudsonianus] ([Trichophorum alpinum]) quaking bogs Iberian quaking bogs Wet, open, acid peat and sand, with [Rhynchospora alba] and [Drosera] Aapa, palsa and polygon mires Palsa mires Palsa mounds [Sphagnum fuscum] pounikko hummocks Palsa mire flarks Aapa mires Aapa strings Aapa flarks Polygon mires Polygon mire ridges Polygon mire hollows Base-rich fens Rich fens, including eutrophic tall-herb fens and calcareous flushes and soaks [Schoenus nigricans] fens [Schoenus ferrugineus] fens Subcontinental [Carex davalliana] fens Pyrenean [Carex davalliana] fens [Carex dioica], [Carex pulicaris] and [Carex flava] fens [Carex nigra] alkaline fens [Carex saxatilis] fens [Carex frigida] fens British [Carex demissa] - [Saxifraga aizoides] flushes [Eleocharis quinqueflora] fens Mediterraneo-Turanian small sedge fens [Carex rostrata] alkaline fens [Scirpus hudsonianus] ([Trichophorum alpinum]) alkaline fens [Trichophorum cespitosum] alkaline fens Middle European [Blysmus compressus] fens Small herb alkaline fens Calcareous dunal [Juncus] - sedge fens Tall herb fens Icelandic [Carex bigelowii] fens [Sesleria caerulea] fens Icelandic [Equisetum palustre] fens [Myrica gale] scrub on rich fens Hard water spring mires Basic mountain flushes and streamsides, with a rich arctic-montane flora Arctoalpine [Kobresia simpliciuscula] and [Carex microglochin] swards Alpine riverine [Carex maritima] ([Carex incurva]) swards Arctoalpine riverine [Equisetum], [Typha] and [Juncus] swards British mica flushes Boreal [Carex atrofusca] swards Boreal marsh-fens Sedge and reedbeds, normally without free-standing water Reedbeds normally without free-standing water [Phragmites australis] beds normally without free-standing water [Scirpus lacustris] beds normally without free-standing water [Typha] beds normally without free-standing water Beds of large sedges normally without free-standing water Beds of large [Carex] spp. Tall [Cyperus] beds, other than [Cyperus papyrus] [Cyperus papyrus] swamps Fen [Cladium mariscus] beds Valencia [Cladium] islands Swamps and marshes dominated by [Juncus effusus] or other large [Juncus] spp. Inland saline and brackish marshes and reedbeds Inland saltmarshes Interior European [Puccinellia distans] meadows Interior European saltmarsh [Juncus gerardi] and [Elymus repens] beds Interior European [Halimione pedunculata] beds Swards of Carpathian travertine concretions Interior Iberian [Microcnemum] and [Salicornia] swards Interior central European and Anatolian [Salicornia], [Microcnemum], [Suaeda] and [Salsola] swards Inland saline or brackish species-poor helophyte beds normally without free-standing water Dry halophile [Phragmites] beds [Cyperus laevigatus] beds Interior Iberian salt pan meadows Grassland and tall forb habitats Dry grasslands Open thermophile pioneer vegetation of sandy or detritic ground Euro-Siberian rock debris swards Euro-Siberian pioneer calcareous sand swards Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes Helleno-Balkanic [Satureja montana] steppes Arid subcontinental steppic grassland ([Festucion valesiacae]) Meso-xerophile subcontinental meadow-steppes ([Cirsio-Brachypodion]) Central alpine arid grassland ([Stipo-Poion]) Alvar steppes Sub-Atlantic semi-dry calcareous grassland Sub-Atlantic very dry calcareous grassland Central European calcaro-siliceous grassland [Festuca pallens] grassland [Brachypodium phoenicoides] swards Serpentine steppes Pannonic loess steppic grassland Ponto-Sarmatic steppes Irano-Anatolian steppes Pannonic sand steppes Ponto-Sarmatic sand steppes Irano-Anatolian sand steppes Mediterranean xeric grassland West Mediterranean xeric grassland South-western Mediterranean perennial pastures East Mediterranean xeric grassland Mediterranean tall-grass and [Artemisia] steppes [Stipa tenacissima] steppes [Lygeum spartum] steppes Mediterranean steppes dominated by tall grasses other than [Stipa tenacissima] or [Lygeum spartum] Cane steppes Sub-Mediterranean [Artemisia] steppes Mediterraneo-montane grassland Mediterraneo-montane steppes [Aphyllanthes] grassland and supra-Mediterranean steppes Iberian [Festuca] frost-influenced grassland Central and southern Apennine dry grassland Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grassland Subnitrophilous grassland Mediterranean subnitrophilous grass communities Meseta subnitrophilous crucifer communities Iberian south-eastern subnitrophilous herb communities Eastern Mediterranean subnitrophilous herb communities Non-Mediterranean subnitrophilous grassland Non-Mediterranean dry acid and neutral closed grassland [Nardus stricta] swards [Agrostis] - [Festuca] grassland [Deschampsia flexuosa] grassland [Calamagrostis epigejos] stands [Carex arenaria] grassland Mediterranean dry acid and neutral closed grassland Mediterranean therophytic siliceous grassland Iberian [Festuca elegans] grassland Mediterraneo-montane [Nardus stricta] swards Non-Mediterranean dry acid and neutral open grassland, including inland dune grassland Dwarf annual siliceous grassland Perennial open siliceous grassland [Corynephorus] grassland Inland dune pioneer grassland Inland dune siliceous grassland Northern fluviatile dunes Southern fluviatile dunes Breckland inland dunes Rhône riverine dunes Southern Iberian inland dunes Pannonic inland dunes Pontic inland dunes Standing stone inland dunes Irano-Anatolian inland dunes Mediterranean dry acid and neutral open grassland Mediterranean annual deep-sand communities Supramediterranean perennial siliceous grasslands Heavy-metal grassland Atlantic heavy-metal grassland Calaminarian grassland Central European heavy-metal grassland Calaminarian [Silene vulgaris] grassland Alpine heavy-metal grassland Mesic grasslands Permanent mesotrophic pastures and aftermath-grazed meadows Unbroken pastures Ditch-broken pastures Abandoned pastures Species-rich lowland flood meadows Macaronesian mesic grassland Low and medium altitude hay meadows Atlantic hay meadows Sub-Atlantic lowland hay meadows Medio-European submontane hay meadows Boreal and sub-boreal meadows Continental meadows Mountain hay meadows Alpic mountain hay meadows Ponto-Caucasian hay meadows Iberian summer pastures (vallicares) Perennial vallicares Annual vallicares Andalusian [Armeria] vallicares Meadows of the steppe zone Agriculturally-improved, re-seeded and heavily fertilized grassland, including sports fields and grass lawns Dry or moist agriculturally-improved grassland Wet agriculturally-improved grassland, often with drainage ditches Turf sports fields Park lawns Small-scale lawns Unmanaged mesic grassland Seasonally wet and wet grasslands Mediterranean tall humid grassland [Serapias] grassland Mediterranean short humid grassland Sub-mediterranean humid meadows Helleno-Moesian riverine and humid [Trifolium] meadows Apennine humid meadows Dalmatian riverine and humid meadows Illyrio-Moesian riverine and humid [Trifolium] meadows Anatolian supra-Mediterranean humid grassland Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland Atlantic and sub-Atlantic humid meadows [Juncus acutiflorus] meadows Subcontinental riverine meadows Flood swards and related communities Recently abandoned hay meadows Continental humid meadows Northern boreal alluvial meadows Moist or wet oligotrophic grassland [Molinia caerulea] meadows and related communities Heath [Juncus] meadows and humid [Nardus stricta] swards Continental oligotrophic humid grassland Alpine and subalpine grasslands Snow-patch grassland Boreo-alpine acidocline snow-patch grassland and herb habitats Boreo-alpine calcicline snow-patch grassland and herb habitats Ponto-Caucasian snow-patch grassland Boreo-alpine fern snow-bed grassland Moss and lichen dominated mountain summits, ridges and exposed slopes Oroboreal [Carex bigelowii]-[Rhacomitrium] moss-heaths Rock pavement lichen communities Rock pavement, plateau and summital moss heaths Icelandic lava flow moss heaths Moss and lichen fjell fields Acid alpine and subalpine grassland Alpic [Nardus stricta] swards and related communities Oroboreal acidocline grassland Thermo-Alpigenous subalpine acidophilous grassland Alpigenous acidophilous grassland Oro-Hellenic closed grassland Oro-Iberian acidophilous grassland Oro-Corsican grassland Oro-Apennine closed grassland Oro-Moesian acidophilous grassland Western Asian acidophilous alpine grassland Calciphilous alpine and subalpine grassland Closed calciphile alpine grassland Wind edge [Kobresia myosuroides] swards Calciphilous stepped and garland grassland Ponto-Caucasian alpine grassland Alpine and subalpine enriched grassland Subalpine [Trisetum flavescens] hay meadows [Leontodon hispidus] pastures Woodland fringes and clearings and tall forb habitats Over-grazed arid Mediterranean garrigues (ermes) [Asphodelus] fields Thistle fields [Phlomis] brushes [Ferula] stands Thermophile woodland fringes Xero-thermophile fringes Mesophile fringes [Pteridium aquilinum] fields Sub-Atlantic [Pteridium aquilinum] fields Macaronesian [Pteridium aquilinum] fields Supra-Mediterranean [Pteridium aquilinum] fields Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows Screens or veils of perennial tall herbs lining watercourses Tall-herb communities of humid meadows Shady woodland edge fringes Mediterranean grasslands on alluvial river banks Subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern habitats Alpic tall-herb communities Alpigene tall grass communities Pyreneo-Iberian tall-herb communities Ibero-Mauritanian tall-herb communities Corsican [Cymbalaria] tall-herb communities Corsican [Doronicum] tall-herb communities Eastern oro-Mediterranean and Balkan tall-herb communities Alpine [Rumex] communities Oro-boreal tall-herb communities Ponto-Caucasian tall-herb communities Alpine and subalpine fern stands Anthropogenic forb-rich habitats Lowland habitats colonised by tall nitrophilous herbs Weed communities of recently abandoned urban and suburban constructions Weed communities of recently abandoned rural constructions Weed communities of recently abandoned extractive industrial sites Land reclamation forb fields Inland saline grass and herb-dominated habitats Mediterranean inland saline grass and herb-dominated habitats Mediterranean [Limonium] salt steppes Mediterranean [Lygeum spartum] salt steppes Mediterranean inland halo-nitrophilous pioneer communities Continental inland saline grass and herb-dominated habitats Pannonic salt steppes and saltmarshes Ponto-Sarmatic salt steppes and saltmarshes Central Eurasian solonchak grassland dominated by [Crypsis] Sparsely wooded grasslands Atlantic parkland Sub-continental parkland Dehesa Heathland, scrub and tundra habitats Tundra Shrub tundra Western shrub tundra Moss and lichen tundra [Cladonia] - espalier willow tundra Moss tundra Arctic, alpine and subalpine scrub habitats Snow-patch dwarf willow scrub Boreo-alpine acidocline snow-patch [Salix herbacea] scrub Boreo-alpine calcicline snow-patch [Salix polaris] scrub Ponto-Caucasian snow-patch dwarf [Salix] scrub Evergreen alpine and subalpine heath and scrub Alpide dwarf ericoid wind heaths Alpide acidocline [Rhododendron] heaths Southern Palaearctic mountain dwarf [Juniperus] scrub Alpigenic high mountain [Empetrum - Vaccinium] heaths Boreo-alpine and arctic heaths [Bruckenthalia] heaths Alpide [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi] and [Arctostaphylos alpinus] heaths Alpide [Rhododendron hirsutum] - [Erica] heaths [Dryas octopetala] mats Alpide high mountain dwarf [Vaccinium] heaths Alpide high mountain [Genista] and [Chamaecytisus] heaths Subalpine and oroboreal bush communities Mountain [Alnus] brush Subalpine and oroboreal [Salix] brush Subalpine mixed brushes Oroboreal [Betula] scrub [Pinus mugo] scrub Inner Alpine [Pinus mugo] scrub Outer Alpine [Pinus mugo] scrub South-western [Pinus mugo] scrub Apennine [Pinus mugo] scrub Hercynian [Pinus mugo] scrub Carpathian [Pinus mugo] scrub Pelago-Dinaride [Pinus mugo] scrub Balkano-Rhodopide [Pinus mugo] scrub Temperate and mediterraneo-montane scrub habitats Temperate thickets and scrub Medio-European rich-soil thickets [Buxus sempervirens] thickets Atlantic poor soil thickets Temperate [Cytisus scoparius] fields [Ulex europaeus] thickets [Juniperus communis] scrub [Corylus] thickets Inland dune thickets Mediterraneo-montane broadleaved deciduous thickets Montane [Cytisus purgans] fields South-western sub-mediterranean deciduous thickets Tyrrhenian sub-mediterranean deciduous thickets Subcontinental and continental deciduous thickets Temperate shrub heathland Wet heaths Northern wet heaths Southern wet heaths [Molinia caerulea] wet heaths Dry heaths Sub-montane [Vaccinium] - [Calluna] heaths Sub-Atlantic [Calluna] - [Genista] heaths Atlantic [Erica] - [Ulex] heaths Ibero-Atlantic [Erica - Ulex - Cistus] heaths Boreo-Atlantic [Erica cinerea] heaths Inland dune heaths Macaronesian heaths Canarian heaths Madeiran cloud heaths Madeiran summital heaths Azorean lowland heaths Upland Azorean [Erica azorica] and [Juniperus brevifolia] heaths Azorean summital heaths Maquis, matorral and thermo-Mediterranean brushes Arborescent matorral Evergreen [Quercus] matorral [Olea europaea] and [Pistacia lentiscus] matorral [Juniper] matorral [Pinus] matorral [Tetraclinis articulata] matorral Deciduous [Quercus] matorral Arid zone matorral [Laurus nobilis] matorral [Cupressus] matorral [Zelkova] matorral Maquis High maquis Low ericaceous maquis Tall [Cistus] maquis Low [Cistus] maquis Low [Cistus - Lavandula stoechas] maquis Low sparse maquis [Cytisus]-dominated maquis Pseudomaquis Helleno-Balkanic pseudomaquis Italo-French pseudomaquis Iberian pseudomaquis Western Asian pseudomaquis [Spartium junceum] fields Thermo-Mediterranean shrub habitats Thermo-Mediterranean brushes, thickets and heath-garrigues [Euphorbia dendroides] formations [Ampelodesmos mauritanica] -dominated garrigues [Chamaerops humilis] brush Mediterranean pre-desert scrub Thermo-Mediterranean broom fields (retamares) Mediterranean gorse-heaths Iberian thermo-Mediterranean garrigues [Stauracanthus boivinii] gorse-heaths Western Tethyan xero-psammitic brushes Cabo de Sao Vicente brushes Thermo-Mediterranean heaths Garrigue Western garrigues Western [Quercus coccifera] garrigues Western [Rosmarinus officinalis] garrigues Western [Cistus] garrigues Western [Euphorbia] garrigues Western [Juniperus oxycedrus] garrigues Western [Lavandula] garrigues Western [Teucrium] and other labiate garrigues Western [Genista] garrigues Western [Calicotome] garrigues Western composite garrigues Western [Erica] garrigues Western [Globularia] garrigues Western [Helianthemum] and [Fumana] garrigues [Lithodora fruticosa] garrigues Western [Thymelaea] garrigues Western [Bupleurum] garrigues Western [Ulex] garrigues Western [Ononis fruticosa] garrigues Western [Anthyllis cytisoides] garrigues Western [Dictamnus] garrigues Eastern garrigues Eastern [Quercus coccifera] garrigues Eastern [Rosmarinus officinalis] garrigues Eastern [Cistus] garrigues Eastern [Euphorbia] garrigues Eastern [Juniperus oxycedrus] garrigues Eastern [Lavandula] garrigues Eastern [Teucrium] and other labiates garrigues Eastern [Paliurus spina-christi] garrigues Eastern broom garrigues [Ebenus cretica] brushes Eastern [Helichrysum] and other composite garrigues Eastern [Erica] garrigues [Arbutus andrachne] garrigues Eastern [Globularia] garrigues Eastern [Helianthemum] and [Fumana] garrigues Eastern [Thymelaea] garrigues Eastern [Bupleurum] garrigues East Mediterranean pre-desert scrub Illyrian garrigues Illyrian [Quercus coccifera] garrigues Illyrian [Rosmarinus officinalis] garrigues Illyrian [Cistus] garrigues Illyrian [Euphorbia] garrigues Illyrian [Juniperus oxycedrus] garrigues Illyrian [Teucrium] and other labiates garrigues Illyrian [Paliurus spina-christi] garrigues Illyrian broom garrigues Illyrian [Helichrysum] and other composite garrigues Illyrian [Erica] garrigues Black Sea garrigues Crimean garrigues South-Euxinian garrigues Thracian garrigues Macaronesian garrigues Supra-Mediterranean garrigues [Lavandula angustifolia] garrigues [Genista cinerea] garrigues Ibero-Gallic supra-Mediterranean dwarf-shrub garrigues Supra-Mediterranean [Buxus sempervirens] scrub Italian supra-Mediterranean garrigues Balkan peninsula supra-Mediterranean garrigues Mediterranean gypsum scrubs Central Iberian gypsum scrubs Ebro gypsum scrubs South-eastern Iberian gypsum scrubs Xero-halophile scrubs Canarian xero-halophilous scrubs Mediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrubs Spiny Mediterranean heaths (phrygana, hedgehog-heaths and related coastal cliff vegetation) West Mediterranean spiny heaths West Mediterranean mainland clifftop phrygana Balearic clifftop phrygana Central Mediterranean spiny heaths Sardinian [Centaurea horrida] phrygana Sardinian [Genista acanthoclada] phrygana Corsican and Sardinian [Genista] phrygana Pantelleria phrygana Central Mediterranean [Sarcopoterium] phrygana [Hypericum aegyptiacum] phrygana East Mediterranean phrygana Aegean phrygana Mid-elevation phrygana of Crete Thracian phrygana East Mediterranean bathas Hedgehog-heaths Pyrenean hedgehog-heaths Cordilleran hedgehog-heaths Nevadan hedgehog-heaths Franco-Iberian hedgehog-heaths Cyrno-Sardinian hedgehog-heaths Mount Etna hedgehog-heaths Madonie and Apennine hedgehog-heaths Helleno-Balkanic sylvatic [Astragalus] hedgehog-heaths Hellenic oro-Mediterranean hedgehog-heaths Hellenic alti-Mediterranean hedgehog-heaths Cretan hedgehog-heaths Aegean summital hedgehog-heaths Southern Hellenic [Genista acanthoclada] hedgehog-heaths [Astragalus sempervirens] hedgehog-heaths Canarian cushion-heaths Cyprian hedgehog-heaths Mediterraneo-Anatolian hedgehog-heaths Western central Eurasian hedgehog-heaths Thermo-Atlantic xerophytic habitats Canarian xerophytic habitats Western Canarian [Euphorbia] communities Western Canarian saxicolous formations Eastern Canarian xerophytic communities Canarian [Launaea] scrub Madeiran xerophytic habitats Madeiran [Euphorbia] formations Madeiran saxicolous formations Desertas dry scrub Riverine and fen scrubs Riverine and lakeshore [Salix] scrub Orogenous riverine brush Lowland and collinar riverine [Salix] scrub Montane river gravel low brush Gravel bank thickets and woods [Salix] carr and fen scrub Southern riparian galleries and thickets [Nerium oleander], [Vitex agnus-castus] and [Tamarix] galleries South-western Iberian tamujares, formed by [Securinega tinctoria] Lauriphyllous galleries of the Cordillera Oretana [Myrica gale] - [Salix] scrub of the Cordillera Oretana Hedgerows Hedgerows of exotic species Highly-managed hedgerows of native species Species-rich hedgerows of native species Species-poor hedgerows of native species Shrub plantations Shrub plantations for whole-plant harvesting Shrub plantations for leaf or branch harvest Tea plantations Osier beds Shrub plantations for ornamental purposes or for fruit, other than vineyards Shrub and low-stem tree orchards Ornamental shrub plantations Vineyards Woodland and forest habitats and other wooded land Broadleaved deciduous woodland Riparian [Salix], [Alnus] and [Betula] woodland Riverine [Salix] woodland Boreo-alpine riparian galleries Southern [Alnus] and [Betula] galleries Fluvial [Fraxinus] - [Alnus] and [Quercus] - [Ulmus] - [Fraxinus] woodland Riverine [Fraxinus] - [Alnus] woodland, wet at high but not at low water Mixed [Quercus] - [Ulmus] - [Fraxinus] woodland of great rivers Mediterranean [Populus], [Fraxinus], [Ulmus] and related riparian woodland Mediterranean riparian [Populus] forests Mediterranean riparian [Ulmus] forests Mediterranean riparian [Fraxinus] woods Mediterranean riverine [Ostrya carpinifolia] galleries Mediterraneo-Pontic riverine [Fraxinus] forests Ponto-Sarmatic mixed [Populus] riverine forests Irano-Anatolian mixed riverine forests [Platanus orientalis] woods [Liquidambar orientalis] woods Broadleaved swamp woodland not on acid peat [Alnus] swamp woods not on acid peat [Quercus] swamp woods [Populus tremula] swamp woods Wet-ground woodland of the Black and Caspian Seas Broadleaved swamp woodland on acid peat Sphagnum [Betula] woods [Alnus] swamp woods on acid peat [Fagus] woodland Medio-European acidophilous [Fagus] forests Atlantic acidophilous [Fagus] forests Medio-European neutrophile [Fagus] forests Pyreneo-Cantabrian neutrophile [Fagus] forests Medio-European subalpine [Fagus] woods Medio-European limestone [Fagus] forests Southern medio-European [Fagus] forests Southern Italian [Fagus] forests Moesian [Fagus] forests Hellenic [Fagus] forests Mediterraneo-Moesian [Fagus] forests Illyrian [Fagus] forests Dacian [Fagus] forests Pontic [Fagus] forests Dobrogea [Fagus] forest Crimean [Fagus] forests Caucasian [Fagus] forests Caspian [Fagus] forests Eastern oro-Mediterranean [Fagus] forests Thermophilous deciduous woodland Western [Quercus pubescens] woods and related communities Cyrno-Sardinian [Quercus pubescens] woods Eastern [Quercus pubescens] woods Italo-Illyrian [Ostrya carpinifolia] sub-thermophilous [Quercus] woods South-eastern sub-thermophilous [Quercus] woods Balkano-Anatolian thermophilous [Quercus] forests Afro-Iberian thermophilous [Quercus] forests [Quercus trojana] woodland Mediterranean [Quercus macrolepis] woodland Steppe [Quercus] woods [Quercus pyrenaica] woodland Mixed thermophilous woodland [Castanea sativa] woodland Acidophilous [Quercus]-dominated woodland Atlantic [Quercus robur] - [Betula] woods Atlantic acidophilous [Fagus] - [Quercus] forests Atlantic [Quercus petraea] woods Aquitano-Ligerian [Quercus] forests on podsols Aquitano-Ligerian [Quercus] forests on leached or acid soils Ibero-Atlantic acidophilous [Quercus] forests Medio-European acidophilous [Quercus] forests Insubrian acidophilous [Quercus] forests Portuguese [Quercus robur] forests Continental [Quercus petraea] forests Non-riverine woodland with [Betula], [Populus tremula], [Sorbus aucuparia] or [Corylus avellana] [Betula] woodland not on marshy terrain [Populus tremula] woodland [Sorbus aucuparia] woodland Inland dune [Quercus] - [Betula] woods [Populus tremula] and [Betula] woods with [Sambucus] [Corylus avellana] woods Meso- and eutrophic [Quercus], [Carpinus], [Fraxinus], [Acer], [Tilia], [Ulmus] and related woodland [Quercus] - [Fraxinus] - [Carpinus betulus] woodland on eutrophic and mesotrophic soils Non-riverine [Fraxinus] woodland [Carpinus betulus] woodland Ravine and slope woodland [Tilia] woodland Non-riverine [Ulmus] woodland Mixed deciduous woodland of the Black and Caspian Seas Eurosiberian maple woods Non-riverine [Alnus] woodland [Alnus cordata] woods Nemoral [Alnus] woods Boreal and boreonemoral [Alnus] woods Highly artificial broadleaved deciduous forestry plantations [Populus] plantations Deciduous exotic [Quercus] plantations [Robinia] plantations Other broadleaved deciduous plantations Fruit and nut tree orchards [Castanea sativa] plantations [Juglans] groves [Prunus amygdalus] groves Fruit orchards Other high-stem orchards Broadleaved evergreen woodland Mediterranean evergreen [Quercus] woodland [Quercus suber] woodland [Quercus ilex] woodland [Quercus coccifera] and [Quercus alnifolia] woodland Eurasian continental sclerophyllous woodland Mediterraneo-Atlantic [Laurus] - [Quercus] woodland Ponto-Hyrcanian sclerophyllous forests Macaronesian [Laurus] woodland Azorean laurisilvas Madeiran laurisilvas Canarian laurisilvas [Olea europaea] - [Ceratonia siliqua] woodland Wild [Olea europaea] woodland [Ceratonia siliqua] woodland Canarian [Olea europaea] woodland [Phoenix] groves Cretan [Phoenix theophrasti] groves Canarian [Phoenix canariensis] groves Anatolian [Phoenix theophrasti] groves [Ilex aquifolium] woods Canarian heath woodland Canarian fayal-brezal [Visnea] - [Arbutus] forests Hierran fayal Highly artificial broadleaved evergreen forestry plantations [Eucalyptus] plantations Evergreen exotic [Quercus] plantations Other evergreen broadleaved tree plantations Evergreen orchards and groves [Olea europaea] groves Citrus orchards [Phoenix] groves Other evergreen orchards Coniferous woodland [Abies] and [Picea] woodland Neutrophile medio-European [Abies] forests Calciphilous [Abies alba] forests Acidophilous [Abies alba] forests Corsican [Abies alba] forests Southern Apennine [Abies alba] forests Moesian [Abies alba] forests Balkano-Pontic [Abies] forests Aegean [Abies] forests [Abies pinsapo] forests Relict [Abies nebrodensis] stands Alpine and Carpathian sub-alpine [Picea] forests Inner range montane [Picea] forests Hercynian subalpine [Picea] forests Southern European [Picea abies] forests Enclave [Picea abies] forests [Picea omorika] forests [Picea orientalis] forests [Abies] reforestation [Picea abies] reforestation Alpine [Larix] - [Pinus cembra] woodland Eastern Alpine siliceous [Larix] and [Pinus cembra] forests Eastern Alpine calcicolous [Larix] and [Pinus cembra] forests Western [Larix], mountain pine and [Pinus cembra] forests Alpine secondary [Larix] formations Carpathian [Larix] and [Pinus cembra] forests [Larix polonica] forests [Pinus uncinata] woodland [Pinus uncinata] forests with [Rhododendron ferrugineum] Xerocline [Pinus uncinata] forests [Pinus uncinata] reforestation [Pinus sylvestris] woodland south of the taiga Caledonian forest Middle European [Pinus sylvestris] forests Inner-Alpine [Ononis] steppe forests Spring heath [Pinus sylvestris] forests Inner Alpine [Minuartia laricifolia] steppe forests Pyrenean mesophile [Pinus sylvestris] forests Central Massif [Pinus sylvestris] forests South-western Alpine mesophile [Pinus sylvestris] forests Supra-Mediterranean [Pinus sylvestris] forests Iberian calcareous [Pinus sylvestris] woods Iberian silicicolous [Pinus sylvestris] forests South-eastern European [Pinus sylvestris] forests Po terrace [Pinus sylvestris] forests Ponto-Caucasian [Pinus sylvestris] forests European [Pinus sylvestris] reforestation [Pinus nigra] woodland Alpino-Apennine [Pinus nigra] forests Western Balkanic [Pinus nigra] forests [Pinus salzmannii] forests Corsican [Pinus laricio] forests Calabrian [Pinus laricio] forests [Pinus pallasiana] and [Pinus banatica] forests [Pinus nigra] reforestation Subalpine mediterranean [Pinus] woodland [Pinus leucodermis] forests [Pinus peuce] woods Lowland to montane mediterranean [Pinus] woodland (excluding [Pinus nigra]) Maritime [Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica] forests [Pinus pinaster ssp. pinaster] ([Pinus mesogeensis]) forests [Pinus pinea] forests [Pinus halepensis] forests [Pinus brutia] forests Canary Island [Pinus canariensis] woodland [Pinus canariensis] - [Cistus symphytifolius] forests [Pinus canariensis] - dry scrub forests [Pinus canariensis] - heath forests [Pinus canariensis] - [Adenocarpus viscosus] woods [Pinus canariensis] - [Juniperus cedrus] woods Coniferous woodland dominated by [Cupressaceae] or [Taxaceae] Western Palaearctic [Cupressus] forests Spanish [Juniperus thurifera] woods Greek [Juniperus excelsa] woods [Juniperus foetidissima] woods [Juniperus drupacea] woods [Tetraclinis articulata] forests Western Palaearctic [Taxus baccata] woods Macaronesian [Juniperus] woods [Juniperus oxycedrus] woods [Juniperus phoenicea] woods Hyrcanian [Platycladus orientalis] ([Thuja orientalis]) forests [Cedrus] woodland [Picea] taiga woodland [Vaccinium myrtillus] western [Picea] taiga Fern western [Picea] taiga Small-herb western [Picea] taiga Tall-herb western [Picea] taiga Pretundra [Picea obovata] taiga [Pinus] taiga woodland [Calluna vulgaris] - [Empetrum] western taiga [Vaccinium vitis-idaea] [Pinus] and [Picea] - [Pinus] taiga Herb-rich and grassy pine taiga Lichen [Pinus] taiga [Larix] taiga woodland [Larix russica] taiga Boreal bog conifer woodland Boreal [Pinus sylvestris] bog woods Boreal sphagnum [Pinus sylvestris] fen woods Boreal brown moss [Pinus sylvestris] fen woods Boreal [Picea] and [Picea] - [Betula] fen and bog woods Boreal [Picea] swamp woods Nemoral bog conifer woodland [Pinus mugo] bog woods Nemoral [Pinus sylvestris] mire woods Balkan [Pinus sylvestris] mire woods Steppe [Pinus sylvestris] mire woods Nemoral peatmoss [Picea] woods Nemoral bog [Picea] woods Highly artificial coniferous plantations Native conifer plantations Exotic conifer plantations Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland Mixed swamp woodland Mixed taiga woodland with [Betula] Mixed sub-taiga woodland with acidophilous [Quercus] Boreonemoral lichen-dwarf shrub mixed forests Boreonemoral heath-grass mixed forests Boreonemoral herb-rich mixed forests Mixed [Pinus sylvestris] - [Betula] woodland Mixed [Pinus sylvestris] - [Fagus] woodland Mixed [Abies] - [Picea] - [Fagus] woodland Mixed [Pinus sylvestris] - acidophilous [Quercus] woodland Subcontinental nemoral [Pinus] - [Quercus] forests Continental nemoral [Pinus] - [Quercus] forests Mixed non-riverine deciduous and coniferous woodland Mixed deciduous woodland with [Cupressaceae] or [Taxaceae] Mixed woodland with [Cupressaceae], [Taxaceae] and evergreen oak Mixed mediterranean [Pinus] - thermophilous [Quercus] woodland Mixed [Pinus sylvestris] - thermophilous [Quercus] woodland Mixed [Pinus nigra] - evergreen [Quercus] woodland Mixed mediterranean pine - evergreen oak woodland Mixed forestry plantations Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice Lines of trees Small broadleaved deciduous anthropogenic woodlands Small broadleaved evergreen anthropogenic woodlands Small coniferous anthropogenic woodlands Small mixed broadleaved and coniferous anthropogenic woodlands Early-stage natural and semi-natural woodlands and regrowth Deciduous scrub woodland Mixed scrub woodland Coniferous scrub woodland Raised bog pre-woods Coppice and early-stage plantations Coppice Early-stage broadleaved deciduous plantations Early-stage broadleaved evergreen plantations Early-stage coniferous plantations Early-stage mixed broadleaved and coniferous plantations Trees planted for early whole-tree harvesting Recently felled areas Recently felled areas, formerly broadleaved trees Recently felled areas, formerly coniferous trees Recently felled areas, formerly mixed broadleaved and coniferous trees Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats Terrestrial underground caves, cave systems, passages and waterbodies Cave entrances Cave interiors Troglobiont vertebrate caves Subtroglophile vertebrate caves Troglobiont invertebrate caves Troglophile invertebrate caves Subtroglophile invertebrate caves Caves without vertebrates or invertebrates Dark underground passages Lava tubes Icelandic lava tubes Macaronesian lava tubes Tethyan lava tubes Underground standing waterbodies Permanent underground standing waterbodies Temporary underground standing waterbodies Underground running waterbodies Permanent underground running waterbodies Temporary underground running waterbodies Disused underground mines and tunnels Screes Cold siliceous screes Cold limestone screes Temperate-montane acid siliceous screes Alpine siliceous screes Medio-European upland siliceous screes Temperate-montane calcareous and ultra-basic screes Alpine calcschist screes [Thlaspi rotundifolium] screes Fine calcareous screes Carpathian calcareous screes Rhodopide calcareous screes Acid siliceous screes of warm exposures Pyreneo-Alpine thermo-siliceous screes Oro-Cantabrian siliceous screes Ibero-Pyrenean acidophile fern screes Carpetano-Iberian siliceous screes Nevadan siliceous screes Central Mediterranean siliceous screes Anatolian siliceous screes Calcareous and ultra-basic screes of warm exposures Peri-Alpine thermophilous screes Cevenno-Provençal screes Pyrenean calcareous screes Oro-Cantabrian calcareous screes Iberian calciphile fern screes Southern Iberian calcareous screes Central Mediterranean calcareous screes Eastern Mediterranean limestone screes Eastern Mediterranean serpentine screes Cyprian screes Illyrian montane calcareous screes Illyrian sub-Mediterranean screes Illyrian montane serpentine screes Illyrian [Achnatherum calamagrostis] screes Anatolian calcareous screes Inland cliffs, rock pavements and outcrops Acid siliceous inland cliffs Middle European montane siliceous cliffs Oro-Iberian siliceous cliffs South-western Alpine siliceous cliffs Cyrno-Sardinian montane and alpine cliffs Helleno-Carpatho-Balkanic [Silene] siliceous cliffs Peri-Pyrenean montane siliceous cliffs Western Iberian siliceous cliffs West Mediterranean thermophile siliceous cliffs Lowland northern and middle siliceous cliffs Boreal siliceous cliffs Bare siliceous inland cliffs Disused siliceous quarries Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs Tyrrheno-Adriatic eumediterranean calcicolous chasmophyte communities Central Pyrenean calcicolous chasmophyte communities Liguro-Apennine calcicolous chasmophyte communities Western mediterraneo-montane chasmophyte communities Alpine and sub-mediterranean chasmophyte communities Hellenic eumediterranean calcicolous chasmophyte communities Aegeo-east-Mediterranean basiphile chasmophyte communities Southern Hellenic [Potentilla] cliffs Central Hellenic [Potentilla] cliffs Illyrio-Helleno-Balkanic [Potentilla] cliffs Lowland middle European calcareous cliff communities Boreal calcareous cliff communities Mediterraneo-Anatolian calcicolous chasmophyte communities Bare limestone inland cliffs Disused chalk and limestone quarries Boreal and arctic serpentine and basaltic cliff communities Bare inland basaltic and ultrabasic cliffs Temperate serpentine and basaltic cliff communities Mediterranean serpentine and basaltic cliff communities Macaronesian inland cliffs Wet inland cliffs Mediterranean wet inland cliffs Northern wet inland cliffs Almost bare rock pavements, including limestone pavements Pavements, rock slabs, rock domes Weathered rock and outcrop habitats Bare weathered rock and outcrop habitats Sparsely vegetated weathered rock and outcrop habitats Snow or ice-dominated habitats Snow packs True glaciers Ice sheets and ice caps Cirque and valley glaciers Glacierets Rock glaciers and unvegetated ice-dominated moraines Rock glaciers Ice-core moraines Unvegetated glacial moraines in the process of formation Miscellaneous inland habitats with very sparse or no vegetation Fjell fields and other freeze-thaw features with very sparse or no vegetation Fjell fields with very sparse or no vegetation Glacial moraines with very sparse or no vegetation Unvegetated young glacial moraines Sparsely vegetated glacial moraines Sparsely- or un-vegetated habitats on mineral substrates not resulting from recent ice activity Clay and silt with very sparse or no vegetation Stable sand with very sparse or no vegetation Lacustrine dunes Inland non-lacustrine dunes Gravel with very sparse or no vegetation Shallow rocky soils with very sparse or no vegetation Boulder fields Dry organic substrates with very sparse or no vegetation Burnt areas with very sparse or no vegetation Unvegetated recently burnt ground Sparsely vegetated burnt areas Trampled areas Unsurfaced pathways Recent volcanic features Active volcanic features Italian fumaroles Sicilian fumaroles Pantelleria fumaroles Macaronesian fumaroles Icelandic solfataras East Mediterranean fumaroles and solfataras Peri-Alpine fumaroles, solfataras and mofettes Western Asian fumaroles and solfataras Inactive recent volcanic features Teide violet community Etna summital communities Western Asian orovolcanic communities Barren lava fields and flows Volcanic ash and lapilli fields Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats Arable land and market gardens Intensive unmixed crops Large-scale intensive unmixed crops (>25ha) Medium-scale intensive unmixed crops (1-25ha) Small-scale intensive unmixed crops (<1ha) Mixed crops of market gardens and horticulture Large-scale market gardens and horticulture Small-scale market gardens and horticulture, including allotments Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods Inundated or inundatable croplands, including rice fields Bare tilled, fallow or recently abandoned arable land Bare tilled land Fallow un-inundated fields with annual weed communities Fallow un-inundated fields with annual and perennial weed communities Fallow inundated fields with annual weed communities Fallow inundated fields with annual and perennial weed communities Cultivated areas of gardens and parks Large-scale ornamental garden areas Park flower beds, arbours and shrubbery Botanical gardens Small-scale ornamental and domestic garden areas Ornamental garden areas Subsistence garden areas Small parks and city squares Weed communities of recently abandoned garden areas Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats Buildings of cities, towns and villages Residential buildings of city and town centres Residential buildings of villages and urban peripheries Urban and suburban public buildings Urban and suburban industrial and commercial sites still in active use Urban and suburban commercial units Urban and suburban factories Disused constructions of cities, towns and villages Urban and suburban derelict spaces Urban and suburban construction and demolition sites High density temporary residential units Low density buildings Scattered residential buildings Rural public buildings Rural industrial and commercial sites still in active use Rural commercial units Rural industrial sites Agricultural constructions Agricultural buildings (not isolated) Isolated agricultural buildings Greenhouses Constructed boundaries Fences Field walls Sea walls Disused rural constructions Derelict spaces of disused rural constructions Rural construction and demolition sites Extractive industrial sites Active underground mines Active opencast mineral extraction sites, including quarries Recently abandoned above-ground spaces of extractive industrial sites Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas Weed communities of transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas Road networks Rail networks Airport runways and aprons Hard-surfaced areas of ports Pavements and recreation areas Constructed parts of cemeteries Highly artificial man-made waters and associated structures Highly artificial saline and brackish standing waters Saline and brackish industrial lagoons and canals Saltworks Highly artificial saline and brackish running waters Highly artificial non-saline standing waters Ponds and lakes with completely man-made substrate Intensively managed fish ponds Water storage tanks Standing waterbodies of extractive industrial sites with extreme chemistry Highly artificial non-saline running waters Non-saline water channels with completely man-made substrate Running discharges from extractive industrial sites with extreme chemistry Subterranean artificial watercourses Highly artificial non-saline fountains and cascades Waste deposits Weed communities of waste deposits Household waste and landfill sites Non-agricultural organic waste Sewage works and sludge beds Agricultural and horticultural waste Solid agricultural and horticultural waste Liquid agricultural wastes (manure) Industrial waste Mining slag heaps Industrial scrap and detritus heaps Waste resulting from building construction or demolition Aruba Anguilla Albania Andorra Netherlands Antilles Armenia French Southern & Antarctic Lands Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bulgaria Bosnia & Herzegovina Belarus Bermuda Bouvet I. Switzerland Cayman Is. Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Denmark Algeria Egypt Spain Estonia Finland Falkland Is. France Faroe Is. United Kingdom Georgia Gibraltar Guadeloupe Greece Greenland French Guiana Croatia Hungary British Indian Ocean Territory Ireland Iceland Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Morocco Monaco Moldova Macedonia Malta Mongolia Montserrat Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Netherlands Norway Pitcairn Is. Poland Portugal French Polynesia Reunion Romania Russia Serbia & Montenegro South Georgia & the South Sandwich Is. St. Helena Svalbard & Jan Mayen San Marino St. Pierre & Miquelon Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Turks & Caicos Is. Tajikistan Turkmenistan Tunisia Turkey Ukraine Uzbekistan British Virgin Is. Wallis & Futuna North South Aruba Anguilla Albania Andorra Netherlands Antilles Armenia French Southern & Antarctic Lands Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bulgaria Bosnia & Herzegovina Belarus Bermuda Bouvet I. Switzerland Cayman Is. Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Denmark Algeria Egypt Spain Estonia Finland Falkland Is. France Faroe Is. United Kingdom Georgia Gibraltar Guadeloupe Greece Greenland French Guiana Croatia Hungary British Indian Ocean Territory Ireland Iceland Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Morocco Monaco Moldova Macedonia Malta Mongolia Montserrat Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Netherlands Norway Pitcairn Is. Poland Portugal French Polynesia Reunion Romania Russia Serbia & Montenegro South Georgia & the South Sandwich Is. St. Helena Svalbard & Jan Mayen San Marino St. Pierre & Miquelon Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Turks & Caicos Is. Tajikistan Turkmenistan Tunisia Turkey Ukraine Uzbekistan British Virgin Is. Wallis & Futuna Area of land/or sea possessing some outstanding or representative ecosystems, geological or physiological features and/or species, available primarily or scientific research and/or environmental monitoring. Large area of unmodified or slightly modified land and/or sea, retaining its natural character and influence, without permanent or significant habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural condition. Natural area of land and/or sea, designated to (a) protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations, (b) exclude exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation of the area and (c) provide a foundation for spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities, all of which must be environmentally and culturally compatible. Area containing one, or more, specific natural or natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative or aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Area of land and/or sea subject to active intervention for management purposes so as to ensure the maintenance of habitats and/or to meet the requirements of specific species. Area of land, with coast and sea as appropriate, where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant aesthetic, ecological and/or cultural value, and often with high biological diversity. Safeguarding the integrity of this traditional interaction is vital to the protection, maintenance and evolution of such an area. Area containing predominantly unmodified natural systems, managed to ensure long term protection and maintenance of biological diversity, while providing at the same time a sustainable flow of natural products and services to meet community needs. Distinct but related The two sites partially overlap The described site includes another site completely The other site includes the described site completely Neighbouring sites Types are coincident Category A Category C Category B Site record should not be deleted Site record should be deleted Additional new record Correction of a real error Updated field Aruba Anguilla Albania Andorra Netherlands Antilles Armenia French Southern & Antarctic Lands Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bulgaria Bosnia & Herzegovina Belarus Bermuda Bouvet I. Switzerland Cayman Is. Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Denmark Algeria Egypt Spain Estonia Finland Falkland Is. France Faroe Is. United Kingdom Georgia Gibraltar Guadeloupe Greece Greenland French Guiana Croatia Hungary British Indian Ocean Territory Ireland Iceland Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Morocco Monaco Moldova Macedonia Malta Mongolia Montserrat Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Netherlands Norway Pitcairn Is. Poland Portugal French Polynesia Reunion Romania Russia Serbia & Montenegro South Georgia & the South Sandwich Is. St. Helena Svalbard & Jan Mayen San Marino St. Pierre & Miquelon Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Turks & Caicos Is. Tajikistan Turkmenistan Tunisia Turkey Ukraine Uzbekistan British Virgin Is. Wallis & Futuna East West